tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33409260218857262222024-03-13T07:46:08.797-07:00Writing a creative essayHow To Pick A Topic Common App EssayEarle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-38711389384173132192020-08-24T02:51:00.001-07:002020-08-24T02:51:04.894-07:00Marketing Strategy Victoria Secret EssayVictoriaââ¬â¢s Secret was begun in San Francisco, California, in 1977 by Roy Raymond who was Business former student of Tufts University and Stanford Graduate School. He felt humiliated attempting to buy underwear for his better half in a retail chain condition. He opened the main store at Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, and immediately tailed it with a mail-request list and three different stores. With this store he trusted that it could make an agreeable situation for men, with wood-framed dividers, Victorian subtleties and accommodating deals staff. Rather than racks of bras and undies in each size, there were single styles, combined together and mounted on the divider in outlines. Men could peruse for styles for ladies and deals staff would help gauge the proper size, pulling from stock in the reserved alcoves. In 1982, following five years of activity, Roy Raymond sold the Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret Company, with its six stores and 42-page index, netting $6 million every year, to Leslie Wexner, maker of The Limited, for $4 million. The Limited kept the customized picture of Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret flawless. Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret was quickly ventured into the U. S. shopping centers all through the 1980s. The organization had the option to distribute an extended scope of items, for example, shoes, evening wear, and fragrances, with its mail inventory gave multiple times yearly. By the mid 1990s, Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret had become the biggest American undergarments retailer, beating one billion dollars. In any case, The Company picked up reputation in the mid 1990s after it started to useâ supermodelsâ in its promoting and style appears. All through the previous decade, it has turned down big name models and supports. Current business At present, Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret is the quickest developing auxiliary of Limited Brands and contributes 42% of corporate benefits. More than 1000 Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret retail locations are open in the United States. Items are additionally accessible through the list and online business, Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret Direct, with deals of around $6000 million out of 2010. Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret is known for its yearly style appear, the Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret Fashion Show, and for its inventories, the two of which highlight top design models. II â⬠Executive rundown (NG? C) In 2012, Victoria Secretââ¬â¢s objectives are to increment 10% in income and 13% in piece of the pie. To accomplish those, the advertising plan will be partitioned into 4 quarters with an away from of work for every division. Each individuals in organization from the board to representatives will play out every strategic so as to accomplishes the best returns. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-69456234651589760122020-08-22T00:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:22:19.250-07:00Psychotherapy via Bellow in Seize the Day Essay -- Seize the Day EssayPsychotherapy by means of Bellow in Seize the Dayâ â â â à à â â The closure of Seize the Day is amusing and uncovering about the subject of the whole novella.â When Tommy Wilhelm coincidentally goes to a memorial service for a more odd, he starts to wail wildly at seeing the obscure corpse.â It is his very own difficult token mortality and a purifying arrival of feeling he has been developing over the descending spiraling course of his life.â However, it is unexpected in light of the fact that Tommy is the just one at the burial service who is communicating such feeling and it causes others in participation to accept he more likely than not been extremely near the expired to be so devastated.â as such, nobody is sobbing for the dead man, not in any case Tommy, yet Tommy is weeping for himself.â This isn't just incongruity yet serves to underscore the whole topic of the novel-giggle and the world chuckles with you; cry and you cry alone.â Instead of holding onto the day and living in the present time and place, Tommy is torn by tension over the future and lament over the past.â Because of this, he accepts he needs some help, or break, or sympathy.â However, he comes to understand that, similar to the tears we regularly shed for ourselves, feel sorry for is frequently an individual exercise of self and occasional imminent from others.â He perceives this since he discovers that from the viewpoint of others, he is the just one to fault for his rehashed mix-ups and his rehashed failures.â As he muses at one moment that needing compassion, And why, Wilhelm further asked, should he or any other person feel sorry for me; or for what reason should I be felt sorry for sooner than another fellow?â It is my infantile psyche that thinks individuals are prepared to give it since you need it (Bellowâ 93).â Tommy sees himself as a disappointment since he has acknowledged... ...isis causes him to acknowledge the distresses that accompany being free and completely alive, and, as the novella closes, we can dare to dream from that second on Tommy will start to hold onto the day every day in the present as he endeavors to make a big deal about himself in the present time and place for the future, his own and others.â à WORKSà CITED Roar, S.â Seize The Day.â (ninth printing).â New York, The Viking Press, 1968. Christy, M.â Bellow's pleasure in nonexistent states.â Boston Globe Online. http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1989/1989e.html, Nov. 15, 1989:â 1-4. Stein, H. T. what's more, Edwards, M. E.â Classical Adlerian hypothesis and practice.â http://ourworld.compuserve.com/landing pages/hstein/theoprac.htm,â Aug. 21, 1998:â 1-19. Stevenson, D. B.â Freud's division of the psyche. http://landow.stg.brown.edu/HTatBrown/freud/Division_of_Mind.html,à Oct. 4, 1999:â 1-2. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-80170659940937139142020-07-16T16:44:00.001-07:002020-07-16T16:44:02.666-07:00Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 1st, 2018Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 1st, 2018 Sponsored by Mulholland Books Todays Featured Deals Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak for $2.99. 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Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-60460177753852041452020-05-21T15:07:00.001-07:002020-05-21T15:07:05.754-07:00Conditionality And The International Monetary Fund Mandate Finance Essay - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2302 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In the primary Articles of the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which set up the Fund in July 1944 neither the term structural adjustment nor the term conditionality can be found[1]. Conditionality was explicitly incorporated into the IMF when the Articles of Agreement were amended in 1968[2]. Henceforward Article V Section 3 states that The Fund shall adopt policies on the use of its general resources, including policies on stand-by or similar arrangements, and may adopt special policies for special balance of payments problems, that will assist members to solve their balance of payments problemsÃÆ'à ¢Ã ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬Ãâà ¦. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conditionality And The International Monetary Fund Mandate Finance Essay" essay for you Create order However, even before conditionality was explicit in the IMF mandate the Fund used to practice a sort of conditionality from its beginning. For instance, after the IMF made its first loan to France in 1947, they refused another loan for France in 1948 because the Fund did not accept the French exchange rate policies[3]. But also in the early years conditionality was officially announced and Stand-by Arrangements were introduced by the Fund[4]. On February 13th 1952 the Executive Board decided that Fund resources should be used to help members provided the policies the members will pursue will be adequate to overcome the problem[5]. However, in the early years conditions were fewer in number and less detailed whereby this policy has come to be called macro-conditionality. Usually these conditions included cutting the government budget deficit, reducing the money supply and sometimes the devaluation of the national currency[6]. Although the Fund configured the essential policy, governme nts had a lot of room in how they could achieve the macro-economic targets of IMF arrangements[7]. The rationality of conditionality is to prevent the possibility of what economists call a moral hazard[8]. Moral hazard occurs when a party insulated from risk may behave differently than it would behave if it were fully exposed to the risk. Because IMF loans can be seen as a sort of insurance against the risk of a balance of payments crisis a moral hazard could occur when governments know that the insurance entity here the IMF will pay in any event, even if they operate an irresponsible economic policy. As in 1982 a deep financial crisis arose in Latin America due to excessive public sector borrowing the IMF was faced with considerable critics because countries of this region had participated in more IMF programmes than any other in the world[9]. The official IMF response was that not the general policy was wrong but that the programs had not gone deep enough. Thus, the IMF began to enforce more detailed policies which not only include fiscal and monetary targets, but also targets for international reserves, limitations of foreign debt, a prohibition against import restrictions, further provisions for trade liberalization, as well as conditions calling for privatization and deregulation of labour laws[10]. Therefore the Fund not only said that the balance has to be restored but moreover, how the government has to react specifically. This level of detail of IMF programme conditions is also called structural adjustment or micro-conditionality[11]. Polak (1991) analyses that the averag e number of conditions increased from below six in the late 1960s, to seven in the late 1970s to over nine in the late 1980s[12]. Then, as Bird reports, the average number of conditions per IMF arrangements increased to 9.9 in 1993, 10.5 in 1994, 11 in 1995, 13.0 in 1996 and 16 in 1997[13]. So over time, the policy conditions contained in IMF arrangements became much more specific[14]. But also the micro-conditional policy came under attack in the aftermath of the East Asian financial crisis which started in 1997 and attached nearly every county in this region[15]. Commentators pointed out that IMF conditionality had gone too far in the opposite direction of macro-conditionality and were too specific[16]. Interestingly the response of the Fund this time was a reversal of the trend backwards to a reduced conditionality again. The IMF uses the term ownership which means that participating countries should take more part in elaborating and implementing the conditions[17]. Despite the changes the IMF has made in defining conditionality since its beginning the basic approach to economic problems has not changed. The Fund still includes conditions which intend to lower the consumption of imported goods and thus, the arrangements require governments to reduce public spending, raise interest rates and taxes or devaluing the domestic currency in order to raise the prices of imports and make exports more competitive[18]. Therefore conditionality is still controversial and the question is if the IMF policy of conditionality needs further changes. To answer this question it is essential to examine what the effects of IMF conditionality are. From this result a conclusion may be drawn to what extent IMF policy should be modified. 2. Effects of IMF programmes There is a huge amount of data about the IMF programme since the 1950s. In total the official data from the Fund covers 199 countries for a total of 1,132 observations to date[19]. In theory there should be a clear picture about the effectiveness of IMF programmes, but despite the wealth of data researchers have found different results. The reason is mainly that different statistical approaches were used in the studies and their choice is often contended[20]. Nevertheless, there exist remarkable studies about the impact of IMF programmes on various parameters. Important indicators are balance of payments, inflation, budget deficits economic growth, income distribution and social spending. a. Effects on the balance of payments According to the Articles of Agreement one of the most important tasks of the IMF is it to help members solving problems in their balance of payments[21]. Deficits in the balance of payment arise when a country is taking in more imports or fixed assets or capital than it is generating through exports[22]. The IMF tries with its conditional loan to cut the domestic demand for imports and foreign finance in order to adjust the balance of payments through the mechanisms previously discussed. Pastor (1987) examined the impact of IMF programmes in Latin American countries in the period from 1965 to 1981[23]. He found a statistically significant positive effect of IMF conditional loans on the balance of payments. Killick et al. (1992) also noticed in their study about the participation of Latin American countries in IMF programmes a statistically significant positive impact on the balance of payments[24]. In an extensive study of 69 countries from 1973 to 1987 Gylfason (1987) also found a statistically significant positive effect of IMF programmes on the balance of payments[25]. Khan came to the same result in his study from 1990[26]and Conway (1994) in his paper which observed 74 countries from 1976 to 1986[27]. The only study which actually found a negative impact was conducted by IMF economists Goldstein and Montiel (1986)[28]. So the majority of studies using various methods and data have found that IMF programmes have a positive effect on the balance of payments. b. Effects on inflation and budget deficits According to the IMF, fiscal adjustment and stable prices are one of the core elements of macroeconomic design in IMF programmes[29]. Killick et al. (1992) as well as Conway have found that IMF programmes have a statistically significant positive effect on the budget deficit. Steinwand and Stone (2008) reviewed 22 studies on the relationship between inflation and IMF programmes[30]. However, his review does not provide a clear picture. Six studies found no effect, ten studies report that inflation decreases but without a statistically significant effect. Three studies in the review noticed a statistically significant negative effect, and three studies report that inflation increases, even if the effect is not statistically significant. The result implies that either IMF conditionality does not effectively address inflation or governments fail to comply with the conditions of the IMF. Also a combination of both options seems possible. c. Effects on economic growth Although economic growth is not explicit stated in the IMF Agreement[31]the IMF regards economic growth as a key goal of its policy[32]. The First Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors in 1946 already defined growth as a function of the fund when they declared that the Fund should aid members in maintaining arrangements that promote the balanced expansion of international trade and investment and this way contribute to the maintenance of high levels of employment and real income[33]. But there is only weak evidence that the IMF has been successful in promoting the growth of the participating country. A review on early studies about the impact of IMF programmes on economic growth was published by the IMF in 2001[34]. Out of nine studies from 1978 to 1995 covering different countries, regions, and programme-lengths, only one reported a significant positive effect. Four studies have found no effect; two reported a statistically insignificant effect and one reported an insignificant e ffect. Recent studies even show that IMF conditionality programmes have a significant negative effect on economic growth. This is result is supported by studies from Kahn (1990)[35], Conway (1994)[36], Dicks-Mireaux et al. (2000)[37], Przeworski and Vreeland (2000)[38], Hutchison et al. (2003)[39]and Dreher (2006)[40]. Thus, the newly emerging scientific consensus is that IMF programmes hurt economic growth. d. Income distribution and social spending An Evaluation Report from 2003 published by the IMF Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) considered 146 countries from 1985 to 2000 and examined how IMF programmes impact the poor, such as spending on health and education[41]. One result of the study was that governments not only did not cut such spending but the paper also indicates that IMF programmes let governments decide to increase their education and health budget An IEO study from 2004 confirmed this conclusion[42]. However, Nooruddin and Simmons (2006) found that while the overall effect of IMF programmes on health and education spending is positive, the impact is not statistically significant[43]. Moreover, the authors actually pointed out that for democratic countries the impact on health and education expenditures were negative. Three studies deal with the question if IMF programmes increase income inequality. Despite using different methodologies and data they all came to the same result that IMF conditionality programmes have caused a rise in income inequality. In a study about the income in Latin America under IMF programmes between 1965 and 1981 Pastor (1987) concluded that the single most consistent effect the IMF seems to have is the redistribution of income away from workers[44]. In a cross country analysis also Garuda (2000) found that IMF programmes exacerbate income inequality[45]. To the same conclusion came Vreeland (2002) who looked at the earnings in the manufacturing sector of 110 participating countries from 1961 to 1993[46]. 3. Changes to IMF policies As the mentioned studies show IMF conditional programmes do not have the success they should have. Therefore it seems to be necessary to think about how the IMF can achieve better results. One well-known critic is Nobel Prize laureate and former chief economist and senior vice president at the World Bank Joseph Stiglitz. In his view the major problem that the IMF failed in so many cases is its conditionality policy. The IMF recipe of liberalisation, deregulation and fiscal austerity is counterproductive because under economic crisis such policy can increase unemployment and deepen the crisis[47]. Stiglitz also points out that an industrialised country which is faced with an economic crisis do exactly the opposite of the conditionality policy which the IMF claims from its supported countries. So for example when the United States faced an economic downturn in 2001, the debate was not whether there should be a stimulus package, but its design[48]. Siglitzs standpoint is supported by th e reaction of the G-8 states to the current financial and economic crisis. In order to soften the biggest recession in the world since the Great Depression nearly every country has set up an enormous stimulus programme and governments as well as central banks accepted a rapidly increasing budget as well as the danger of high inflation due to a monetary policy of quantitative easing which finally means printing money without an economic growth. Under IMF conditionality such programmes would be unimaginable. Stiglitz concludes that the IMF probably acts more on the behalf of foreign investors and domestic elites at the expense of the poor than following economic rationality[49]. Stiglitz argues the IMF conditionality should be reduced and the Fund should return to the mandate proposed by Keynes: providing funds to restore aggregate demand in countries facing economic recession[50]. However, others authors like Thomas Willet[51]argue that the reason for disappointing results of the IMF policy is not the conditionality itself but rather the problem has been one of compliance. If participating countries would comply more with the IMF conditions, the results would also improve. International governmental policies as well as the IMF itself should enforce the conditions set by the IMF more strictly. Vreeland points out that the US often prevents the IMF from enforcing conditionality if these countries are favoured by the US for political reasons[52]. Even the Fund reacts to critics of its policies and has adapted its policy accordingly over time. It seems like the IMF is stuck in a battle between opposing viewpoints on conditionality. Perhaps, such problems are unavoidable for a global financial institution like the IMF but nevertheless it is obvious that conditionality is abused either by countries which are not interested in enforcing it or by countries which are not interested in a stable economic and social policy because they rely on a guaranteed IMF bailout. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-89737088262237019612020-05-06T23:28:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:28:17.081-07:00Analysis Of The Movie The Child Of Rage - 1283 Words delicate so sensible that what is done to them at he beginning of their life can affect their development. This is the reason why the movie I selected for this assignment was a documentary called the Child of Rage. This documentary is about two children that were adopted by a couple. One was a boy named Eric and the other was a girl named Beth. They were both severely maltreated and had no mother. Their biological father neglected Eric and sexually abused Beth they were both withdrawn from this home at a very young age Beth two years old and Eric one, but even though they were removed at a very young age from this environment they both were left with psychological damage. Beth especially this is why the documentary is focused on her. Beth has no conscious, she does not feel bad for the horrible things she does to people and animals around her. She stabs her pets with needles kills animals around her home and she hits and harasses her brother at only age seven and she also has horribl e nightmares about her father. Her actions made her parents so afraid of her that they locked her in her room at night. They also took her to therapy were along side with the therapist they have to make Beth feel some sort of emotional pain or remorse for the things she is done their goal is to make her feel something, have emotions because she does not, she is too emotionally traumatized to feel anything. The end result is that she actually cries because she feels bad for the things she hasShow MoreRelatedProzac Nation Essay1540 Words à |à 7 Pagesdepression and its consequences. In 2001, the book was adapted into a movie. The movie, starring then new actress, Christina Ricci, clearly illustrates the original bookââ¬â¢s main ideaââ¬â¢s (Prozac Nation, 2001). The movie also shines with excellent theatrical performances and a well-adapted screenplay. This report will discuss the effects of major depression on Wurtzelââ¬â¢s life as illustrated in ââ¬Å"Prozac Nation,â⬠the movie. 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Beverly decides to use her innate ability for writing to express her non-material culture in the form of a love poem Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-60980250259685966262020-05-06T08:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:05:25.420-07:00English Original Writing â⬠The Slime Free Essays I had detention because some of my so called friends told the teacher I did it when I never. I was on my way home when I heard something smash therefore I went nearer to the source of the sound. It was leading me to a dark deserted old alley. We will write a custom essay sample on English Original Writing ââ¬â The Slime or any similar topic only for you Order Now At any rate this way was quicker to my house so I strolled down. I never used to go home this way since my mum said not to for the reason that bad things happened to her when she went through the alley. The thought of the scream made me shiver and I felt a tingle down my spine. I heard the leaves crisp as I toddled along the footpath. The street was isolated I could even hear my self breathing. My stomach was churning so thus, I felt I was going to be sick. There it was I saw it, I was amazed of the features it had. He came closer and closer. It looked like he was horrified and his face was turning blue, pale blue. He made another impulsive move towards me and vomited. I felt the puke on my injured car bonnet. The bonnet got injured due to a hit and run ten minuets a go. The Schoolboy strolled towards the shimmering door and went inside me. He opened my shirt pocket gradually. He saw a creepy look in the mirror which gave a different image. I felt sick so I puked on the car. I hurried into the car and my eye was caught on this compartment, so therefore looked inside the box. I was shocked to see my self look like this. So I ran out of the motor vehicle, the engine was still running. I found out what made the crash it was this car so me and my conscience started to clean the vomit. I decided to restore it to its previous pristine condition as a mark of respect to the decease inhabitant of the car. He started to clean me additionally I started to undergo a feeling I have never felt before, cleanliness it felt so nice. He walked away from me but from my view I could see a silhouette following his every move. Something was saying to me go back the car or someone may need my help. I turned round ambled to the car. The carââ¬â¢s engine went off I believed to think the battery ran out. The cars door opened, thus made my heart pound, erstwhile I was thinking the car was calling me in. I took the weight off my feet and the cars engine turned back on and the cars doors and front bonnet and rear bonnet were clanging and horning, it made me jump. I could not believe my eyes no one come out or looked to see what that noise was. I saw a house. I was very curious to see the house. He gathered the courage to go into the gloomy dark house. He walked through the front door and plodded up the stairs. He looked around; I went inside a mansion. I saw a bathroom door open. The bathroom was covered in slime. The sink was bubbling slime; the floor was flooding slimy slipper sludgy slime. I tried to run back out but the door slammed shut in my face so there fore I went for the window that too slammed shut. The house was flooding green slime. I was scared and could see my future passing through my eyes. Then suddenly I heard an engine start. There was slime coming out through the panes of the window and the door. I heard banging, I thought it was the boy, I was thinking should I go in. I was drowning in slime I did not know what to do. The gunk was going in my mouth and I had to breathe through my nose I had a few seconds left. I was thinking. Then it came to me ill ram the car into the house so I rammed it. I saw a bright light. I thought I was gone, but when I heard a bang I saw the car I owed my life to a realistic car. How to cite English Original Writing ââ¬â The Slime, Papers Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-64431642937013460702020-04-25T10:08:00.001-07:002020-04-25T10:08:02.694-07:00Multi agency teams free essay sample There are a number of professionals that come into contact with each other if a child has needs with speech, language and communication and require support from different areas. E. g. a social worker, SEN Officer, teacher and parent can work together to improve the life of a child or young person. They may come together to discuss a plan that is best for the child to progress effectively. Each child may have different professionals to tailor their individual needs. The people with specialist knowledge and skills will support the people that work with them on a daily basis and have regular meetings to remove barriers of achievement, agree strategies, provide training and identify, and sometimes provide resources. SENCO have the correct paper work in place and ensure appointments are up to date, this will make it easy to monitor development. This will help to co-ordinate with professionals who work with the child. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi agency teams or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The LEA decides between the school and external support services on how to support the childââ¬â¢s development and may arrange the intervention of a school action plus level to be provided. It also has a parent partnership so parents can be heard and understood with their views taken into account. Every child matters is a programme that covers all children in the school age 0-19. It has been set up so that schools and parents work together to give very child the best chance on life. It has a shared database of children containing information of every child so that all multi agencies, schools, police and voluntary groups can ensure the welfare of each child and can be assessed. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-26420723549812679232020-03-18T05:26:00.001-07:002020-03-18T05:26:04.251-07:00Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work EssaysIssues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essays Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essay Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essay Health Services for Peoples with Learning Disabilities ( Department of Health, 1992 ) and Mental Health: National Service Framework, ( Department of Health, 1999 ) , The common subjects and issues that underpin this policy construction, include: advancing collaborative working between mainstream mental wellness services and specialist acquisition disablement services ; leting people with larning disablements to entree mainstream mental wellness services wherever possible but making little specializer inmate services for those whose demands can non be met by mainstream services, implementing a changing function for specializer larning disablement services to supplying support and facilitation for mainstream services including supplying mainstream mental wellness and attention staff with equal preparation on the demands of people with learning disablement ; using a attention programme attack for people with learning disablement and mental wellness jobs and making mental wellness publi city stuffs which are made accessible for people with a learning disablement. Advice is available to assist care suppliers and staff support people with larning disablements in accessing mainstream mental wellness attention scenes ( Hardy et al, 2006 ) . The Green light toolkit ( Foundation for People with larning disablements et Al, 2004 ) is one illustration of a counsel papers that demonstrates how policy construction and specific policies are being implemented in pattern. It is used throughout England as an audit tool to mensurate how the National Service Framework for mental wellness ( Department of Health, 1999 ) is being implemented for people with learning disablements. The toolkit provides a gilded criterion that can be used by local mainstream mental wellness services to mensurate services against. It offers a traffic visible radiation hiting system and provides counsel on how services can be improved, covering countries such as local partnerships, planning, accessing services, attention planning and work force planning. After a green light toolkit a ppraisal, each local country should develop an betterment program from the action points identified and have a clip frame to implement the necessary alterations. Anecdotal grounds from observations in pattern suggest that the green light tool kit is still being used in pattern today but similar countries for betterment are identified clip and clip once more such as entree to wellness promotional stuffs in apprehensible formats. This would propose that although appraisals of services are being undertaken the results of these appraisals and action points are non being carried frontward into pattern. The Disability Rights Commission ( Disability rights committee, 2006 ) supports this position by stating that old counsel paperss intended to assist people with larning disablements gain entree to mainstream wellness services have had limited consequence. A working group from the royal montage of head-shrinkers ( Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1996 ) acknowledged that enabling people with larning disablements to entree mainstream mental wellness services can be a complex and demanding undertaking necessitating input from specializers in the psychopathology of larning disablement. To react to this statement they have advocated two rules for the mental wellness nursing of people with larning disablements: joint working between mental wellness and larning disablement squads with the usage of Mainstream psychiatric installations at every possible chance every bit good as emphasizing that commissariats for specializer services are still to be available if needed. The independent authorities enquiry instigated by Death by Indifference ( Mencap, 2007 ) , while non widening to mental wellness services, promoted research into the experiences reported by people with larning disablements of acute mental wellness units. This provides a assorted image. The negative experiences are similar to concerns expressed by other patients. These include: deficiency of control and information ; larceny of belongings ; intimidating multi disciplinary meetings ; hapless nutrient and hapless attention. However the presence of larning disablements may change their significance for illustration, service users with larning disablements may happen it harder to understand information about their admittance and intervention, unless it is shared in a format which is appropriate to their cognitive and communicating accomplishments. Psychotropic medicine may farther impair already hapless cognitive operation and may stand for an extra restriction on persons capacity to und erstand and take an active portion in their intervention. Relatives and paid carers are likely to hold a much more important and long-standing function in back uping the service user than would be the instance with other grownups with mental wellness jobs, Often a individual with a acquisition disablement has specific modus operandis that merely person near like a carer would cognize and following these modus operandis can do nursing them much easier. this is something to which mainstream services in peculiar seem to pay small attending. Not emphasizing engagement with carers in peculiar with a client from this group can take to either a deficiency of support for carers or carers experiencing pushed away by services and left without a function which in itself can take to the presentation of depression and low temper in the carer. ( Scior and Longo, 2005 ) Finally, the hazard that marks and symptoms of mental wellness jobs will be misattributed to a individual s acquisition disableme nt ( diagnostic overshadowing ) is specific to this group. These issues need to be considered by practicians nevertheless, grounds indicates that healthcare professionals frequently lack the cognition, accomplishments and experience necessary to run into the health care needs of people with learning disablements. ( Fraser, 1999 ) The Royal College of Nursing ( Royal College of Nursing, 2008 ) commented that the recent development of an outlook of the mainstream mental wellness services to react to the demands of the bulk of people with larning disablements and co-morbid mental unwellness has frequently proved an unrealistic end for the mental wellness nurse. It has been proven that particular expertness and preparation every bit good as the usage of specialist mental wellness squads are required for the appraisal, diagnosing and intervention of mental unwellness in the acquisition handicapped population. Although it is theoretically possible to develop staff in mainstream scenes, the little figure of instances gives small chance for staff in the assorted subjects to derive the necessary accomplishments. Additionally, mainstream mental wellness staff frequently feel that caring for this group of vulnerable people is non portion of their function, and the resources of big mental wellness services are already stretched ( Day, 1988 ) . The support deductions that arose from such a monolithic displacement in service duty that came out of the execution of the mainstreaming attack neer seem to hold been adequately addressed ( Bouras et al, 1995 ) Collaborative working between professional groups in health care is critical across the board for bettering criterions of attention for patients and their carers ( Pollard,2004 ) . In relation to this professional competitions between mental wellness and larning disablements squads are common and the apprehension of each other s function is hapless taking to chiefly uneffective collaborative working ( Bouras et al, 1995 ) There has besides been no evident or unequivocal dialogue between the two service squads in the UK to develop clear local operational policies or service understandings and merely obscure definitions of who is entitled to entree which service exist, which can sometimes take to a patient having inappropriate intervention, being bounced between services or, in rare instances, even being denied attention wholly as neither squad is willing to take duty for that patients attention. Distinguishing between psychiatric upsets and behavioral issues in people with larning disablements is non ever a straightforward procedure. Both empirical and conceptual issues associating to the nature of such behavioral upsets question both the cogency and dependability of a diagnosing of mental unwellness in a individual who has a learning disablement ( Krose et Al, 2000 ) This raises the inquiry what does a nurse dainty foremost? As with double diagnosing of a drug dependence and mental unwellness, in many instances the drug job needs to be tackled foremost before the full extent of the mental unwellness can be seen ( Drake,2007 ) .However, with a learning disablement this is non a possibility as a acquisition disablement is a long standing status that can non be treated. The inquiry is hence, is the behavior being exhibited by a patient due to their mental wellness jobs or the learning disablement? When a individual with a acquisition disablement requires admittance to hospital due to a psychiatric unwellness, the first aim is to hold on whether the general or learning disablement head-shrinker acts as the responsible clinician. The admittance of a individual with larning disablement frequently happens as a last resort in response to an exigency that can non be managed elsewhere such as in the community or via the usage or reprieve services. The community larning disablement squad should be able to offer some preparation to nursing staff or even transport out specific pieces of work straight with the patient. The allotment of a named nurse is highly of import and, if available, person with particular accomplishments or involvement should be appointed in order to develop a more effectual curative confederation with the patient. The increased exposure of people with larning disablements to mistreat even during admittance should be considered and protection from this possible hazard given. This may necessitate to be in the signifier of separation from high-risk patients or an increased degree of nursing observation such as is policy with under 18s admitted to adult acute psychiatric units. In all instances, the importance of coaction with the acquisition disablement squad should be stressed. This becomes peculiarly of import during discharge planning. In the scenario of an admittance under a Mental Health Section, people with learning disablement and mental wellness jobs are entitled to all the commissariats of the Care Programme Approach and Section 117 after-care. It is besides indispensable that mental wellness nurses have a good working cognition of mental wellness jurisprudence and statute law. Experiences from clinical pattern have demonstrated that frequently mental wellness statute law is misused or disregarded for people with co morbid acquisition disablements which denies them the precautions and protection of the jurisprudence that statute law such as the mental wellness act was designed to set in topographic point ( Mental Health Act, 1983 ) . The relevant statute law should be applied to this group of people if and when it is appropriate to make so and the same classs of detainment used as for other persons sing mental sick wellness. Although it is of import to observe that a individual with a learning disablement can still be sectioned if it is deemed they behave abnormally sharply or earnestly irresponsibly, without any marks of mental unwellness it is hence of import to find that that there be existent mental wellness jobs presen t if a individual is admitted under subdivision to a mainstream mental wellness infirmary. Assessment is a specific portion of the nursing procedure where mental wellness nurses can fight when covering with people with larning disablements For illustration, The Mental State Examination, which constitutes an indispensable constituent of the preparation procedure and is indispensable for measuring hazard and explicating a intervention program, may be debatable. This could be for a figure of grounds, including high rates of conformity or an avidity to delight in certain interview state of affairss ( Sigelman et al, 1982 ) . Moss argues that people with learning disablements are besides less likely to kick or near members of staff to inquire for aid which may farther perplex the Assessment and hazard direction procedure. ( Moss,1999 ) Simple linguistic communication and direct oppugning including communicating and in depth treatment with carers could be a manner to get the better of this trouble. Higher degrees of nursing observation may besides be utile, non merely in guarant ing a individual s safety on the ward but besides in giving critical information sing a individual s mental province ( Appleby,1999 ) ( Gibson, 2007 ) highlighted some cardinal factors that nurses without specialist preparation may happen complicate effectual appraisal and intercession The two chief factors that affect mental wellness nurses are: rational deformation, which may ensue from cognitive shortages in countries such as memory and concentration which can do comprehension and communicating of ideas and feelings hard ; and Cognitive decomposition, which can happen in state of affairss where the individual is overwhelmed by the anxiousness of the demands being placed on them, ensuing in an inability to soldierly ideas and bizarre behavior Communication is cardinal to doing a sound and accurate appraisal. It is estimated that upwards of 50 % of people with larning disablements have important communicating troubles ( Matson, 1998 ) A nurse demands to turn to the peculiar communicating demands of each person as each will change in their abilities, This is another point in which collaborative working becomes really of import as if the individual is involved with a acquisition disablements squad, that squad may be able to supply the nurse with accurate information about the degrees of a individual s communicating and how best to pull off these issues. Many of the jobs in relation to direction of people with larning disablement by mental wellness nurses relate to the deficiency of cognition accomplishments and preparation ( Lennox A ; Chaplin, 1995 ) . Evidence suggests that qualified nurses on a regular basis feel out of their deepness and unsupported when covering with this client group and observations in pattern indicate a certain sum of turning away tactics from mental wellness nurses when it comes to volunteering for the named nurse axial rotation which could be due to a deficiency of assurance in this country. The current pre-registration nurse instruction programme for mental wellness nurses was originally validated by the English National Board ( English National Board,2000 ) , and the course of study follows the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Fitness For Practice Guidelines ( United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting,1999 ) , which states that pupils set abouting pre-registration programmes must hold certain other fortes included. However, larning disablement, as either a practical or theoretical constituent of the subdivision programme, is non one of them. With authorities policy ( Department of Health, 2001 ) saying that people with larning disablements should wherever possible entree generic services, there would look to be the demand for a more specific and in-depth attack to larning disablement instruction for all pupils throughout their pre-registration instruction. Experiences from local preregistration nurse instruction show that presently nursing instruction provides a 12- month common foundation programme for nurses who intend to develop in all countries of nursing including Adult, Mental wellness, Midwifery, kid and learning disablement nursing. Although non required by the NM, Learning disablement theory is taught but arrangements in this country are non common. After common foundation period of preparation, pupil nurse instruction in mental wellness has little or no farther chances to derive learning disablement experience. Comparisons with larning disablements mental wellness can be made to both kid and adolescent mental wellness, every bit good as to older people s psychopathology in that they are both specialist groups with their ain issues and mental wellness nurses are expected to analyze these client groups in item during their subdivision preparation in order to go familiar with the complexnesss of this type of mental wellness nursing. As these countries are compulsory fortes in order to run into the demands of making as a mental wellness nurse ( English National Board, 2000 ) and, coupled with the authorities s policy for people with larning disablements to entree generic mental wellness services, it would look indispensable that mental wellness nurses address the forte of people who have larning disablements and extra mental wellness jobs during their pre-registration instruction as they do with other specific patient groups. Many senior mental wellness nurses have received no larning disablement preparation at all. This deficiency of preparation may ensue in jobs with communicating and apprehension, every bit good as negative attitudes toward people with learning disablement. On the impudent side, nurses in larning disablement have likewise limited preparation in the country of mental wellness, although there are freshly available post-registration classs. One such class gives an experient nurse from either ramify a six month endorsement to the other nursing subject which is backed up by 2 faculties of theory. Anecdotal grounds gained from talking to a mental wellness nurse who has late completed this class has shown that general nursing accomplishments that every nurse should be competent in upon making can be transferred across the board to other subdivisions of nursing. The feeling of this nurse is that presently, mental wellness mainstream services see merely those with mild or marginal learning disa blements coming into the service and the appraisal and intervention procedure for these people is non much different to that of non larning handicapped people. Currently specializer services provide the bulk of attention for the patients with more complex demands. ( Scior and Longo, 2005 ) In decision the grounds presented in this essay suggests a figure of issues that need to be addressed if mental wellness nurses are to run into the demands of their clients with a carbon monoxide morbid larning disablement efficaciously. There are: pre and Post enrollment preparation for mental wellness nurses, collaborative working between the mental wellness and larning disablement squads and proviso and entree to services. It seems that specializer larning disablement in-patient units with a mental wellness focal point offer a more positive experience for the patient than mainstream mental wellness units, and hence should be developed farther ( Scior and Longo, 2005 ) . However, realistically mainstream services are extremely likely to go on to supply attention for this group, if merely because of the resource restrictions in specializer services and the fact that 30 % of NHS trusts provide no specializer admittance installations ( Bailey A ; Cooper, 1997 ) . There seems a demand now for major alterations to be made to the constructions and daily patterns in these services. Such alterations should include enterprises to advance more positive attitudes and behavior towards persons with acquisition disablements through preparation and regular input from specializer larning disablements services. Closer attending must be paid to the demand to do information about diagnosing and interventions accessible, in media such as cusps utilizing simple linguistic communication pictures and audio information ( Forster et al, 2001 ) and the demand for stronger engagement of and co-operation with service users regular carers. Current pattern experience has shown nevertheless that in the most portion mental wellness services in this country merely seem to come into contact with patients who have a boundary line or mild learning disablement as there is a big supply of specializer beds. Currently merely in rare instances would mainstream mental wellness units be acknowledging a individual with terrible or profound acquisition disablements whereby little changes to pattern and movable nursing accomplishments would non be plenty to give that patient the best attention available. Referances Appleby L ( 1999 ) National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by Peoples with Mental Illness. Department of Health Bailey NM A ; Cooper SA ( 1997 ) The current proviso of specializer wellness services to people with larning disablements in England and Wales. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 41 52-9. Bouras, N. , Holt, G. A ; Gravestock, S. ( 1995 ) Community attention for people with larning disablements: shortages and future programs. Psychiatric bulletin, 19, 134-137. Day, K. ( 1988 ) Services for psychiatrically disordered mentally disabled grownups. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 14,19-25. Department of Health ( 2001 ) Valuing Peoples: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the twenty-first Century. The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health ( 1999 ) mental wellness: national service model, The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health ( 1992 ) Health Services for Peoples with Learning Disabilities ( Mental Handicap ) . HSG ( 92 ) 42. London: Department of Health. Disability Rights Commission ( 2006 ) Equal Treatment: Closing the Gap. Final Report of a Formal Investigation into Health Inequalities. DRC, London. Drake, R E, 2007. Double diagnosing of major mental unwellness and substance upset: An overview. New Directions for Mental Health Services, [ Online ] . 50, 3-12. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yd.23319915003/abstract [ Accessed 20 November 2010 ] . English National Board ( ENB ) ( 2000 ) Education in Focus. Strengthening Pre-registration Nursing and Midwifery Education.Curriculum Guidence. Part 13 of the Professional Register. ENB, London. Forster M, Wilkie B, Strydom A, Edwards C A ; Hall I ( 2001 ) Medication Information Leaflets. London: Elfrida Press. Foundation for people with larning disablements, valuing people support squad and national institute for mental wellness in England ( 2004 ) Green visible radiation: how good are your mental wellness services for people with larning disablements? A service betterment toolkit, London: Foundation for people with larning disablements Fraser, B. ( 1999 ) Psychopharmacology and people with learning disablement. Progresss in Psychiatric Treatment, 5, 471-477. Fraser W. A ; Nolan M. ( 1995 ) Psychiatric upsets in mental deceleration. In: Mental Health in Mental Retardation ; Recent Advances and Practices ( ed Bouras, N. ) , pp. 79-92. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Gibson, T, 2007. Peoples with larning disablements in mental wellness scenes. Mental Health Practice, 12/7, 30-33. Hardy S, Chaplin E, Woodward P ( 2007 ) Mental Health Nursing of Adults with Learning Disabilities. Royal College of Nursing, London. Hardy S, Woodward P, Woolard P et Al ( 2006 ) Meeting the Health Needs of People with Learning Disabilities. Royal College of Nursing, London. Hassiotis A, Strydom A, Hall I et al ( 2008 ) Psychiatric morbidity and societal operation among grownups with marginal intelligence life in private families. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 52, 2, 95-1-6. Krose B. , Dewhurst D. A ; Holmes G. ( 2000 ) Diagnosis and drugs: aid or hindrance when people with larning disablements have psychological jobs? British Journal of Learning Disabilities 29, 26-33. Lennox, N. A ; Chaplin, R. H. ( 1995 ) . Intellectual disablement: the positions of psychiatric trainees. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 632-637. Matson, JL. and Bamburg, J. dependability of the appraisal of double diagnosing ( ADD ) , research in developmental disablements 20,89-95 Mencap ( 2007 ) Death by Indifference. Mencap, London. Moss S. ( 1999 ) Appraisal of mental wellness jobs. Tizard Learning Disability Review 42, 14-19. Government of England ( 1983 ) The Mental Health Act. Stationary Office, London. Nirje, B. ( 1976 ) The standardization rule and its human direction deductions. In Normalisation, Social Integration and Community Services ( eds R. J. Flynn A ; K. E. Nitsch ) . Baltimore, MD: University Park Press. Pollard, KC, 2004. Collaborative acquisition for collaborative working? Initial findings from a longitudinal survey of wellness and societal attention pupils. Health A ; Social Care in the Community, 12,4, 346- Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-10744129323712312892020-03-01T21:11:00.001-08:002020-03-01T21:11:03.093-08:00Old ACT Scores How to Get and Use ThemOld ACT Scores How to Get and Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you graduate from college years ago and now a prospective employer is asking for your ACT scores? Or perhaps you took time off after high school and now have to send your ACT scores to colleges. In either case, you'll need to know how to access your old ACT scores. In this article, I'll explain how to get and use old ACT scores.I'll walk you through the process of retrieving old scores and sending score reports for any ACT tests you took long ago. Why Would You Need Old ACT Scores? Believe it or not, some employers do request standardized test scores.Most employers who look at old ACT scores arein the investment banking and consulting industries. Education and tutoring companies might also ask for your ACT scores, especially if you're applying for a job in the fun-filled world of test prep. In addition, if you took time off between high school and college, or if you left college and are now reapplying to schools, you might need to send ACT score reports to the schools you're applying to. In this case, you'll need to look at each school's website to verify whether or not you need your old ACT scores. In general, standardized test scores are not required if you graduated from high school more than five years ago. How Do You Get an Old ACT Score? There are a few ways to get your old ACT scores depending on when you took the test. If You Tested in Spring 2008 or Later ACT scores are available online from spring 2008 to the present.To view your scores online, you must have anACT account. If you registered online when you originally took the test, you already have an account and can simply log in to access your scores. If you don't have an online account, you can create one. However, you'll need to know your ACT ID number in order to access your scores. You can find your ACT ID number on your admission ticket and official ACT score report, which was sent to the high school and colleges you requested. It's an eight-digit number that begins with a dash. If you can't find your ACT ID, call ACT, Inc. to get it.Prepare as much identifying information as possible to help the agents locate your ID; this includes the following: Your full name Your test date Your home address (when you tested) Your birth date The phone number for ACT, Inc. is 319-337-1270. If You Tested Before Spring 2008 If you tested before the spring of 2008, you can't get your scores online. However, ACT, Inc. can use microfiche to find scores from as far back as the fall of 1966.If you tested before the spring of 2008, call ACT, Inc. at the number above to try to locate your scores. Again, have as much identifying information as possible on hand to help the agent find your score. You should know your test date (at least the year) and your address at the time. How to Send an ACT Score Report for an Old Test ACT scores are archived for tests taken before September 1, 2015.If a score is archived, it's not in the active file. There's anadditional $24 fee for finding and sending archived ACT score reports. Additionally, report requests for archived scores take an additional working day to process. We look at the different types of ACT score reports and required fees in more detail below. Fees for Sending ACT Score Reports As you might've guessed, fees are unfortunately higher if you're trying to send old ACT scores. Regular Reports A regular score report is always processed within one week after your request is received. ACT, Inc. delivers reports to colleges and agencies you've selected based on their preferred schedule, which is typically at least every two weeks. ACT score reports for tests taken after September 1, 2015, cost $13 per test date per report, while score reports for tests taken before September 1 cost $37 per test date per report (including a non-refundable $24 archived scores fee). Priority Reports Priority reports are typically processed within two working days after ACT, Inc. gets your request, and are delivered three to four business days later. Keep in mind that you can only send priority reports to locations within the US. Also, note that colleges that only receive reports electronically might not view priority reports any faster than they would regular ones. Priority reports for tests taken after September 1, 2015, cost $16.50 per test date per report, while priority reports for tests takenbefore September 1 cost $40.50 per test date per report (again, this includes a $24 archived scores fee). ACT Score Report Ordering Options Now that you know what types of ACT score reports you can order, how do you actually go about ordering them? You have a few options when it comes to ordering old ACT scores. Online You can make an online request for score reports through your ACT web account (which you can create if you don't have one). Note that you must pay by valid credit card. By Mail To order ACT score reports by mail, send a letter of request to ACT, Inc. at the following address: ACT Customer Care- Score Reports PO Box 451 Iowa City, IA 52243-0451 USA Your letter must include all the following information: Your full name Your fullname at the time you registered for or took the ACT (if different) Your current mailing address Your home address at the time you registered for or took the ACT (if different) Your ACT ID number Your date of birth Your phone number Test date (month and year) for which you want scores reported (include test location if you tested more than once in the same month) Valid codes and names (with city and state) for the colleges and/or scholarship agencies to which you want to send your scores Be sure to specify whether you want regular or priority reports,and include your payment in the form of check or money order payable to ACT, Inc. By Phone This service is only for priority reports, and you must pay with a valid credit card. There is also an additional $15 fee for each score report request made by phone. To send ACT priority reports via phone, call ACT, Inc. at 319-337-1270. Try to write down all the information listed above so you can everything ready when you call. Can You Compare ACT Scores From Different Years? A specific ACT composite score should roughly reflect the same percentile score and skill level from year to year. For example, a composite score of 35 today should be equivalent to a 35 in 1995. Below is a chart showing ACT percentiles over the past six testing years: Year 99th %ile 75th %ile 50th %ile 25th %ile 1st %ile 2017 34-36 24 20 16 1-11 2016 34-36 24 20 16 1-10 2015 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2014 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2013 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2012 33-36 24 20 17 1-11 *Note that some scores are estimates if the exact percentile was unavailable. As you can see, the score you need on the ACT in order to get in a certain percentile hasn't changed much in recent years.You still need around a 33-36 to get in the 99th percentile, and around 24 to get in the 75th percentile. There are some fluctuations, but these are all extremely small. What this means is that you can easily compare scores from different testing years without issue. For example, if you took the ACT in 2017 and your older brother took it in 2012, you don't have to do any complicated conversions to compare your scores- you can just look at whatever ACT percentile chart is available and use that as a reference. For more information on old ACT scores and percentiles, check out our guides to scores from 2011 to 2017and scores from 2008 to 2010. You might not be able to compare apples with oranges, but you can compare old ACT scores with current ones. What's Next? For more tips, read this article onsending ACT scores to colleges. Also, learn about ACT college codes and school codes for score reports. Curious about what a good ACT score is? Check out our guide to how to set an ACT goal score. If you're aiming for a top score, you'll definitely want to learn how to score a perfect 36. Finally, take a look at this post to learn who uses ACT scores. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-14712601811305214702020-02-14T12:37:00.001-08:002020-02-14T12:37:02.498-08:00Macro12.13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsMacro12.13 - Essay Example There have been more investments and more growth of GDP (Pethokoukis 2012). The rise in OPEC oil prices as a result of fall in supply leads to a fall in demand for oil. The import of oil reduces by the oil importing countries. The prices of goods in the economy rise, and the rise depends upon the economyââ¬â¢s dependence on oil imports. Hence the rate of inflation soars high causing a macroeconomic slowdown (See figure below). The rate at which the economies recover from the recession depends upon the monetary policies adopted by the government. If the money supply curve is more elastic, the government targets to put control upon the interest rate. At lower interest rates the investors would be encouraged to make investments and the economy would recover faster. 3. Adaptive expectation is based on the principle that economic agents build their expectation of any macroeconomic variable, as the inflation rate or price level, as a weighted average of their past observations regarding that variable. Adaptive expectations are used in forecasting figures taking into consideration the interest and inflation rates. In this formation the agents ignore the changes taking place in the monetary and fiscal policies and only base their expectations on the past observations. One of the components of the rational expectation hypothesis, Robert E. Lucas, has emphasized upon the fact that the economic agents exhibit rational behavior by making a forecast of the economic variables taking into consideration the past as well as the present information available. If the government announces an inflation rate and chooses a different rate and increases the money supply, producers would increase output following the increase in prices. In the short run, this would increase output level in the economy, but with rational expectations, the agents would endogenize the discretionary policy of the government, at which point output Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-4499686607449758242020-02-01T20:38:00.001-08:002020-02-01T20:38:03.166-08:00Carbon tax and Cap-and-Trade Schemes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCarbon tax and Cap-and-Trade Schemes - Essay Example In defining cap and trade system, a government literally puts a cap or limit on the overall level of carbon pollution. As the cap declines each year, it cuts industrial green house emission to the limit of regulation. This way, the government creates and distributes pollution quotas, which in turn create an incentive for industries alike to reduce their emissions (Andrew 64). In comparing the two taxes, the cap-and-trade tax has more certainty than the carbon tax. The cap and trade tax in terms of certainty can be achieved as it sets firm limits on the acceptable amount of emissions, thus achieving the desired outcome in reduction of emissions. This scheme has been used for decades by the United States to reduce emissions responsible for acid rain. By using the cap and trade system has reduced acid rain forming by half. As for the carbon tax the amount of emissions depends on the rise and fall of energy. For this reason many industrialized countries have used carbon taxes to disco urage fossil fuel and promote clean energy. For example, in Sweden carbon tax has been estimated to cut emissions by 20 percent enabling the country to achieve 2012 target under the Kyoto protocol . Carbon tax creates a fixed incentive to curb emissions since it can fix price of the carbon emissions. In assessing the cost or damage associated with each unit in pollution and the cost associated with controlling pollution. In essence its essential for the tax level to be right, if the tax is too low then the industries and households may opt to pay tax other than reduce omissions. On the other hand, if itââ¬â¢s set too high then the cost may indirectly impact profits, jobs and the end consumers. Cap and trade lacks price certainty since emissions permit prices may fluctuate from year to year depending on the demand for energy. This means that while the maximum pollution quantity is set in advance trading price on permits Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-57443956683768746812020-01-24T17:02:00.001-08:002020-01-24T17:02:03.364-08:00Free Speech vs. Campus Security :: essays research papersFree Speech vs. Campus Security As everyone in the world should know, the world isnââ¬â¢t clear-cut and simple to read. The world is not just black and white. There is no real absolute truth in anything because the issue of what is right and wrong can vary widely between one person and the next. This fact is what makes our world so dynamic; it is what enables us to grow and learn and change. However, because of this blur in what people perceive is right or wrong, or in what someone thinks is one thing and another person thinks is another, there comes conflict. This idea is poignantly illustrated with issues of free speech. Can one really define where one personââ¬â¢s right of free speech begins and ends? If one can, where is that point? And is that point the same for everyone, or does it change? Questions like there are being raised more and more since September eleventh, as can be seen by the case of ââ¬Å"Free Speech vs. Campus Securityâ⬠that is currently going on at the University of South Florida. In my opinion, Professor Al-Arianââ¬â¢s rights to free speech, as afforded to him by the first amendment to the constitution, would be infringed upon if the University would vote to let him go because of what he said. à à à à à Nothing has been decided as of yet, however, should the university decide to let Professor Al-Arian go, they would be violating his first amendment rights of free speech. The case goes something like this: Sami Al-Arian is a tenured associate professor of computer science at the University of South Florida (USF). On September 26, Al-Arian went on the Fox Networkââ¬â¢s Oââ¬â¢Reilly Factor where is it said that he appeared to be ââ¬Å"sympathetic to the terrorist activity such as that which had devastated the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.â⬠Following his appearance on the show, Al-Arian he received numerous threats on his life and of violence. In response to this, USF placed him on paid leave of absence sighting they could not guarantee his safety. Later on, the USF had a meeting called with the Board of Trustees. This is where the intention to fire Al-Arian was made by USF President Judy Genshaft. This action was made under the premise that Al-Ar ianââ¬â¢s continued presence ââ¬Å"would lead to ââ¬Ëdisruptionââ¬â¢ on campus that the university could not tolerate.â⬠It seems to me that the university on not so much worried about his safety than they are worried about having a man with unpopular/un-American views on their campus. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-43068900129481555332020-01-16T13:26:00.001-08:002020-01-16T13:26:05.416-08:00Business in India Essay1. Private property-the right to own resources and bequeath property 2. Freedom of enterprise-own a business 3. Freedom of economic choice-work/not work, spend/not spend 4. Role of self-interest a. People are by nature economic creatures b. Self-interest is a fundamental characteristic of people 5. Competitive market system a. Many buyers and sellers b. Market participants, buyers and sellers, have little control over price c. Competition performs the organizing and controlling functions for a market economy 6. Limited government b. Mercantilism: the law gives preference and special benefits to the sector of the economy owned by the government. b. Free-market capitalism: A system of economics that minimizes government intervention and maximizes the role of the market. Laissez-faire is a more extensive form of free-market capitalism where the role of the state is limited to protecting property rights Pros The pros and cons of capitalism versus socialism have been debated for hundreds of years and there is a lot of misinformation out there. Capitalism increases the opportunities in the marketplace for personal economic growth. It increases opportunities for entrepreneurs to increase their personal wealth and for societies to grow as well. Hard work is rewarded under a capitalist economy. In a capitalist economy, consumers can work toward riches and financial freedom. A competitive market results from capitalism and consumers are presented with a wide array of products and services to choose from. Consumers and companies regulate the free market. This is often seen as one of the strengths of a capitalist society. Cons Capitalist economies are money-driven without much regard for people unless they are owners or shareholders of business firms. In a capitalist economy, there is fierce competition and, perhaps, unfair competition. There is a tendency, in capitalist economies, for big companies to get bigger and for monopolistic behavior to occur. Unfair labor practices may occur since companies are driven by the profit motive. Since capitalism requires continual growth, environmental damage may occur as the resources of the earth are depleted. Some say capitalism makes the rich richer. a.à Globalization is the worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. b. Connectivity: Localities being connected with the world by breaking national boundaries; forging of links between one society and another, and between one country and another through international transmission of knowledge, literature, technology, culture and information. Free Trade: Free trade between countries; absence of excessive governmental control over trade; Multinational corporations and A Composite Process: Integration of nation-states across the world by common economic, commercial, political, cultural a nd technological ties; creation of a new world order with no national boundaries; c. Pros: Because of globalization, a lot of information is shared across the world. Various cultures can be understood and acknowledged on global level. Countries sharing resources. People can buy a thing which is not local produced and find a cheaper and good quality product in markets. Globalization leads to higher employment since developed countries outsource jobs to under-developed countries. Cons: higher competitive to those local sellers. Since the outset of globalization, free trade between nations has been established, this means that worldwide trade lead these broad products have a cheaper price at the same time it will raid the local market and decrease the local price level. That can make the rich richer and left the poor poorer. Because the other side is multiple cultures will let local country loss its features. More young people just know the other countries goods and left their own specials. Like New York is a multi-culture city in American. d. Globalization is an economic process ââ¬â corporations move money, factories and goods around the planet at ever more rapid rates of speed, searching for cheaper labor, cheaper raw materials, and weak consumer, labor and environmental protection. Globalism is a political attitude ad Globalism appeals to the libertarian Right because this group mistakenly equates the liquidation of nations with a reduction in the power of their governments. But this does not follow. Open borders, a. Sex is biologically determined and it is cannot be changed but gender is socialized and it is variable through time and cultures. b. Men always work more than woman. In most families men is a leader. Women are always been looked as a disadvantaged group. c. Feminism is an activity that women want to get the equity rights with men in social, company and life. It is also a spiritual to tell theà women around world need to have courage, confidence, independence, and women need believe they can do the thing as same as men do. d. Since feminism that lead higher divorce rate and more girls do abortion with ââ¬Å"my body, my choiceâ⬠but at the same time it is very harmful to our body so it is not an independent behavior. a. Family is a basic social group through bonds of kinship or marriage, present in all societies. The sociology of the family examines the family, as an institution and unit of socialization Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-7189278366249558422020-01-08T09:49:00.001-08:002020-01-08T09:49:04.468-08:0010 Facts About the Great Auk Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-74465410240953394392019-12-31T06:15:00.001-08:002019-12-31T06:15:03.932-08:00Gender And Sexual Attitudes And Behavior - 1520 Words Abstract A majority of people today believes that in American culture it is certain there are gender dissimilarities in the topic of sexuality. Over time scholarly work has proved an abundant amount of different components correlating to the difference in sexuality resulting in the distinctions of sexual behaviors as well as attitudes among males and females. Difference in sexual attitudes and behavior can be seen between genders across various studies. This research study indicates the differences in sexuality according to gender. It is known that most males, according to todays stereotypes, envision sex as a physical pleasure and believe in ââ¬Å"love em and leave emâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Hit it and quit itâ⬠clearly expressing no certain emotion. However,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Females tend to lean towards quality when it comes to sexuality and search for an emotional based relationship. Women find themselves looking for their soul mate and seek emotional loving thus leaving ph ysical pleasure behind. It could be looked at that females seek ââ¬Å"Mr. Perfectâ⬠and do not seek an abundance of many sexual interactions due to the main reason of not wanting to be attacked and called offensive names by their social peers. At most times males are the ones doing the name calling and attacking, even though when males tend to start racking up numbers based on how many different females they have slept with they find themselves getting praised as an almighty hero. Past scholarly works have helped illustrate the different views of sexual manners and performances in males versus females. Major differences that stand out between the two genders tend to be their outlook on weather or not masturbation is practiced, seeking physical satisfaction compared to an emotional attachment, and also evidence on biological and social differences between genders. Biological differences (buss and Schmitt) can have a major role in weather or not which gender would pursue mor e sexual interactions due to the fact that females in fact hold the responsibility of bearing life and raising their own offspring. Males on the other hand do not hold huge Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-35559816292244801282019-12-23T02:02:00.001-08:002019-12-23T02:02:03.454-08:00Domestic Violence research proposal - 1573 Words Abstract The purpose of this study is to see whether or not domestic violence causes a damaging affect on children. The study will included criminal justice students in College and the age range will be between 18 and 23 years old. The method is qualitative and will be an interview. Introduction Domestic violence can be defines as a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, economic pr psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that frighten, intimidate, terrorize, manipulate, hurt, humiliate, blame, injure or woundâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When faced with domestic violence these children sometimes carry on violence when they become adults or blame themselves. This article explores theories and situations that show the long term and short term effects of domestic violence. They identified 41 studies that provided relevant and adequate data for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Forty of these studies indicated that children s exposure to domestic violence was related to emotional and behavioral problems, translating to a small overall effect (Wolfe, Crooks, Lee, McIntyre-Smith, Jaffe, 2 003). Another article connects domestic violence with personal control. Research showed that woman victims of domestic violence may have some undermine feelings of low personal control. The consequence of domestic violence are substantial in terms of physical injuries, psychological and emotional distress, and substance abuse among victims. The loss of personal control has been associated with depression, substance abuse, suicide, and a loss of self esteem among female victims. This article concludes that there is a strong link between the loss of personal control and domestic violence (Johnson 2005). This article is about a documentary. The components are based on the premise that violence against women is a direct consequence of patriarchal institutions that empower and privilege men over women. This was made to make visible the intimate violence and abuse that had beenShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal- Alcohol Abuse Leads to Domestic Violence1471 Words à |à 6 PagesDeter mining whether Alcohol abuse leads to Domestic Violence Abstract This study seeks to analyze and examine the effects that alcohol abuse may have on domestic violence cases. The main goal of this study is to determine whether or not alcohol or alcohol abuse really has an affect on people and if it causes domestic violence or not. This study will be helpful in many ways and instances and it will help those who are still wondering whether or not these to completely different socialRead MoreSteps to Writing a Grant Proposal1118 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal August 9, 2013 Programming Planning and Grant Proposal Writing in Human Services A grant proposal for human services is a written presentation of a program plan. This plan details how the applicant will approach the identified needs or problem with their proposed course of actions. The narrative section of a grant proposal usually includes the following sections: abstract, table of contents, specific aims/backgroundRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Exposure On Domestic Violence Essay1255 Words à |à 6 Pagesexposure to domestic violence is quite prevalent, a review of academic literature reveals few studies focused on the experiences of children who lived with violent parents. The search did not reveal any studies that focus on how children experienced an intervention by the child welfare community. More research is needed to provide a voice for those children and provide the lack of information that s needed. This research proposal entails the lives of children who have experienced domestic violenceRead MoreIs The Duluth Method Of Bipp An Effective Treatment Program For Latinos?1414 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe Problem Intimate partner violence or domestic violence is not only a physical incident between a couple. Domestic Violence encompasses physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological forms taken by a perpetrator against the victim. In Texas 77% of all Hispanic have either themselves or know someone who has experienced some form of domestic violence and 64% of all Hispanic have reported having personally experienced at least one form of domestic violence in their lifetime. This is a 16%Read MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Victim755 Words à |à 4 Pagesvisit for injuries, 25-30% was there for domestic-violence related problems. (Hansen,2014) Domestic violence is a serious issue that has been a top priority for mental health professionals for some time now. Exposure to domestic violence can have long-term mental health effects on the victim. Various types of groups are being used in treating survivors of domestic violence that include support groups, time-limited groups , and long-term groups. This group proposal describes a long-term support group designedRead MoreStakeholder Influences Hsm/2701600 Words à |à 7 Pagesservice organization needs a well-organized program plan that has a positive impact on the target population as well as the community (Yuen/Terao, 2003). PEACE Domestic Violence Agency Stakeholder Influences The PEACE Domestic Violence Agency decided is to create a program plan addressing the need within the community to help reduce domestic violence, and sexual assault (Yuen/Terao, 2003). ââ¬Å"PEACEââ¬â¢s mission is to reduce victim trauma, empower survivors, and promote recovery through direct servicesâ⬠(Yuen/TeraoRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1720 Words à |à 7 PagesTo date, although domestic violence has been researched, the law remains a constraint to victimsââ¬â¢ growth and stability. The laws and programs provided in todayââ¬â¢s society are limited and affect the victims exit from domestic violence relationships. Further research could propel an initiation of better-developed laws and programs and cause a great impact in how victims respond to domestic violence. Few studies have researched how successful domestic violence victims have been with the legal processRead MoreProgram Planning and Evaluation Paper840 Words à |à 4 Pagesand Gr ant Proposal Writing in Human Services August 21, 2011 Terri Galindo Axia College of University of Phoenix I have chosen to work with Program Scenario Three, PEACE Domestic Violence Agency. Yuen/Terao (2003) states, ââ¬Å"Program planning is an organized process through which a set of coordinated activities or interventions is developed to address and facilitate change in some or all of the identified problems.â⬠ââ¬Å"Program Evaluation is the application of different social research designsRead MorePEACE Domestic Violence Agency Case Study813 Words à |à 4 PagesThe PEACE Domestic Violence Agency program was founded to assist in decreasing the incidents of domestic violence in Ohio by 25%. Domestic violence toward women continues to increase on a national level and continues to plague the citizens of Ohio. The victims are generally black females from low-income backgrounds. The 2014 report from the Ohio Department of Public Safety has reported similar trends. The report also identified the cities of Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati as having increasedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Men By Suzanne Steinmetz874 Words à |à 4 PagesThe earliest literature reference to domestic violence against men can be found in the studies of Suzanne Steinmetz (1977,1978) entitled, ââ¬Å"The Battered Husband Syndrome.â⬠She hypothesizes that the incidents of husband-on-wife beatings rivals the incidents of wife perpetrated batterings, and that it was husband abuse not wife abuse that was underreported form of domestic violence. Steinmetz used two United States populations, a broadband nonrepresentative group and a random sample in New Castle Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-40444043961142007862019-12-14T22:31:00.001-08:002019-12-14T22:31:04.468-08:00Assassination of a Dictator â⬠Justifiable Free Essays Throughout history, there have been many dictators who have ruled with an iron fist. Julius Ceasar of Rome, Joseph Stalin of Russia, Nicolea Ceausescu or Romania, and Adolf Hitler of Germany were ââ¬â to name a few ââ¬â famous dictators. Dictators rule countries with absolute power, taking away the rights and choices of citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Assassination of a Dictator ââ¬â Justifiable? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most would argue that the assassination of a dictator is a good, justifiable thing to do, and I find myself agreeing. Yet, despite dictatorsââ¬â¢ unrighteous actions, there are some who still argue against getting rid of oppressive leaders. If a dictator is killed, many deaths could be prevented. The killing would be for the greater good. Who wouldnââ¬â¢t go back in time to kill Hitler? Thousands of lives would be spared. One death, in comparison, is trivial. These dictators do not just pose a threat internally ââ¬â they are a threat to everyone. A dictatorââ¬â¢s assassination could even prevent a war. Although most people assosciate assassinations with outside interference, this often isnââ¬â¢t the case. During World War Two, Hitlerââ¬â¢s own generals plotted the Fuhrerââ¬â¢s downfall. These attempts were very close to being successful, but for a spy within the conspiracy. Even Joseph Stalin, the ââ¬Å"Man of Steelâ⬠, was not immune to traitors within his Polit Bureau. Julius Ceasar himself was killed by his assosciates and supposed best friend after declaring himself dictator for life. When these people seize power, they are determined to hold on to it through fair means or foul. Their assassination may be the only way to change a country from dictatorship to democracy, particularly if an internal police force under the leaderââ¬â¢s rule has been upholding his or her will and preventing internal opposition. A popular arguement against the assassination of a dictator is that there is an alternative to being them to justice. The leaders can be put on trial, and be held responsible for their crimes. The International Criminal Court provides a permanent means to go about this, and acts as a deterent against anyone taking complete control. Slobodan Milosevic was able to be put on trial for his deeds, and Saddam Hussein faced justice in Iraq. However, this alternative method would allow the dictator to be in power for longer, and they would still have some power. Not all trials are fair, and the dictator may escape justice, and continue as they were. The attempt could also make them look untouchable, or even heroic. I think that, if the situation calls for it, dictators should be assassinated. Although some pro-life, and anti-death penalty protestors would disagree with this form of justice, there will always be disagreements about this contraversial topic. Although assassination is illegal, not much that dictators do is legal either. Killing a dictator is for the greater good. Any utilitarian would agree that, by taking out the root, the problem can be easily solved. By removing the driving force, the whole system of the dictator would colapse, dying with them. Dictators oppress citizens, and take away basic rights, such as the right to be heard. In order to give people back their rights, the dictators must be removed. One person is a small price to pay for this, particularly if the dictator is bloody. Take Joseph Stalin, for example. He personally signed the deaths of nine thousand people, and killed many others indirectly. By taking away one life, so many thousands could be saved. Even the people close to dictators want them gone ââ¬â who wouldnââ¬â¢t? The populace of countries taken over by dictators need a signal to find the courage and daring to campaign for change. What better way to signal than to take out the bad guy? The thoughts against assassination, I feel, are simple remnants of the ââ¬Å"rules of warâ⬠, from long ago. In a war, it is okay to kill perfectly innocent citizens. Yet, it is immoral to kill the leader? This, to me, makes no sense. From saltmines to glasnost, from stalags to democracy, from apartite to Nelson Mandella walking free, from fascism to capitalism, peace and progress can be achieved by the removal of dictatorships. -January 2011 How to cite Assassination of a Dictator ââ¬â Justifiable?, Papers Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-19693871637477359072019-12-06T18:55:00.001-08:002019-12-06T18:55:03.399-08:00International Business Travel Engine of Innovation Question: Discuss about the International Business Travel for Engine of Innovation. Answer: Introduction: A cost oriented strategy of pricing implied that the price set by the corporation was founded on costs of production. In itself, the primary aim was to gain advantage from the savings of costs from diverse other business areas, for instance, employment of local managers over specialised experts, maintenance of no sustainability. Buckley (2016) asserts that the fact pricing strategy can be regarded as one of the most important factors at the time of production of different standardized products and particularly when there is scope for estimation of demand, thereby permitting full authority to all the local managers. Even though the ultimate goal of cost leadership is to gain competitive in the market, it is uncertain in the present case whether low cost regional producers actually existed in different foreign markets (Clarke et al. 2013). This might increase the overall risk of higher competition as well as market oriented strategy of pricing. Thus, the company focussed on a resource based view for understanding the strengths, weakness rather than finding the opportunities as well as threats of the specific market within an industry based approach of pricing (Cavusgil et al. 2014). Country Priorities Country Priority Netherland High Priority Australia Normal Priority United Kingdom Low Priority Denmark As per the results of the round 1, it can be hereby said that the country priority is highest for Netherland as the profit figure for carrying out business in the nation is positive. Thereafter, the next country priority is that of Australia. This is because although there is lower negative profit as compared to the other nations such as United Kingdom and Denmark. Capacity across Production Lines In particular, cost leadership can be attained by means of antagonistic pursuit of economies of scale since output of the firm increases and subsequently the mean cost for per unit also declines (Hamilton and Webster 2015). The capacity across different lines of production can be understood from the sales outlines at different locations. As per the outline of sales, it can be hereby stated that Netherland has the highest production and normal bicycle has the highest supply, followed by the racing bicycle and delivery bicycle. Again, as per production outline presented in round 6, Netherland has produced 260000 units of the normal bicycle, Australia has produced 85000 unit of racing bicycle, China has produced 150000 of racing bicycle. Again, Australia has produced 50000 units of delivery bicycle and Belgium has produced 97500 units of delivery bicycle. As bases for production, the company entered the Chinese market as the number of units production in this country were that is around 150000 units of racing bicycle and the related costs is also comparatively low that is approximately 9545519 euro. Thus, it can be hereby mentioned that the company entered into the Chinese as there is lower cost of production in this nation. Thus, China can be regarded as the prime location in comparison to Australia and Belgium among many others. So, the entry into this nation is said to be justified. In addition to this, the production outline also shows that the production is very high and the cost is comparatively lower in the market of Netherland, therefore, the market of Netherland can also be considered to be productive when viewed from the perspective of production base (Hovhannisyan and Keller 2015). Evaluation of the strategy: Analysis of financial declarations The period of round one is considered to be first half of the year 2005 and the second half of the year 2005. The fixed assets of the firm increased from 3170156 recorded during the first half to 4490313 registered during the second half of the same year. However, the total assets of the firm decreased during the second half of the year to 6068889 from 7240537. This is mainly due to presence of inventory during the first half of the year as well as higher amount of cash of the firm. Analysis of the cash flow statement of the firm reflects that the cash flow from operating activities was positive during the first half of the year, whereas it was registered to be negative during the second half. This was mainly due to higher cash outflow for different expends recorded to be 18407673 in the second half as compared to 15171716 in the first half of the year. Therefore, there was a net inflow of 77276 during the first half and a net cash outflow of -915784 during the second half. Again, th e cash flow from financing activities was also positive during the first half and 0 during the second half. This was mainly because of the change of loan that the cash flow from financing activities was positive and higher during the first half. It can be said that there was greater cash inflow from the investing activities of the firm during the second half of the year mainly due to higher investment in property and machinery. Analysis of the income statement replicates that the company had a higher gross sales margin during the second half of the year recorded to be 4734539 as compared to 2943843 recorded during the first half of the year. However, the total cost of sales was also higher during the second half as compared to the first half. Although the cost of sales was higher, the higher sales margin exceeded the cost and led to higher operating income during the second half of the year. However, the financial costs of the firm was very high during the second half and was record ed to be -1605000 as compared to 105000. This led to the negative operating income before taxes during the second half of the year. Thus, it can be mentioned that the operating income before of the company was recorded to be -1171728 as compared to 273533 recorded during the first half of the same year. This is mainly due to the fact that the company costs increased during the second half of the year. In addition to this, the operating earnings of the firm was also recorded to be -171728 during the second half, whereas it was 273533 during the first half. The period considered in the round 2 is the first half of the year 2006 and the second half of the year 2005. Analysis of the balance sheet statement of the firm during the two period reveals the fact that the total assets of the firm increased to 11554855 during the first half of the year 2006 from 6068809 registered during second half of the period 2005. The inventory was recorded to be 0 during both the period. However, the long term credit from the bank was higher during the first half of the year 2006 as compared to the second half of the year 2005. Analysis of the cash flow statement of the firm reveals there was cash outflow of 2265784 during the second half of 2005 and a cash inflow of 3331619 during the first half of the year 2006. This change in net cash position is mainly due to higher cash inflow from mainly the operational activities of the firm during the first half of the year 2006 as compared to the second half of 2005, higher cash inflow from financing activities as well as investment activities. Remarkably, the cash inflow from financing activities was 0 during the second half of 2005, whereas it was registered to be 5000000 during the first half of the year. The positive cash flow during the first half of 2006 indicates a favourable cash position of the firm. The income statement of the firm shows that the gross sales margin of the firm has increased during the first half of 2006 to 5553601 from 4734539 during second half of 2005. However, the total cost also increased from 4301267 to 5278366 during the same period. However, the operating income of the firm also increased to 210811 from a loss figure of 1605000. The round 3 refers to the time period of second half of 2006 and the first half of the year 2006. Analysis of the balance sheet statement of the firm for the particular period reflects the fact that the fixed assets of the corporation increased to 8750573 during the second half of 2006 from 6644740 recorded during the first half of the year 2006. However, analytical evaluation of the statement also replicates the fact that the total assets of the firm also increased from 11554855 during the period of first half of the year 2006 to 27086923 recorded during the period of second half of 2006. This is mainly due to increase in the inventory of the firm to 18336350 during the second half of 2006, whereas the inventory was recorded to be 0 during the period of first half of the year 2006. As per the balance sheet statement of the firm the total liabilities of the firm also increased from 11554855 in the first half of the period 2006 to 27086923 recorded during the second half of the period 2006. Again, analysis of the cash flow statement of the firm replicates that there was net cash inflow of 3331619 during first half of 2006 and a net cash outflow of -4910116 during the second half of 2006. This is mainly because of cash outflow from operational activities during the second half of the year. Analysis of the income statement reflects the fact that the operational income of the company increased to 10432287 during the second half of the year 2006 as compared to 210811 registered during first half of the year 2006. Round four signifies the period of second half of 2006 and the first half of the year 2007. Analysis of the balance sheet statement during the round four shows that the fixed assets of the firm increased from 8750573 during the second half of 2006 to 10999948 during the first half of 2007. Essentially, the total assets of the firm increased to 43018145 in 2007 as compared to the figure of 27086923 recorded during the second half of 2006. However, the long term credit of the firm remained the same at 8500000. However, the group equity of the firm increased from 13487142 to 34518145 during the first half of the year 2007. In addition to this, the liability of the firm also increased to 43018145 during the 2007 as compared to the second half of 2006. However, the figure of inventory shows that the inventory of the firm decreased to 13316870 as compared to 18336350 recorded during the period 2006. This shows that the management was successful in lowering the level of inventory of the fir m, indicating a favourable condition for the firm. Analysis of the cash flow statement reveals the fact that there has been net cash outflow of -4910116 during the second half of 2006 as compared to the cash inflow of 18701327 recorded during the first half of 2007. Therefore, the cash position was more favourable during the period 2007 as compared to the period of 2006. Analytical evaluation of the income statement also reveals the fact that the operating income after taxes of the company also increased from 10432287 during the period of 2006 to 21031003 during the particular period of 2007. This too indicates a favourable financial position of the company during the first half of the year 2007 as compared to the second half period of 2006. The fifth round of the game signifies the time period of first half of 2007 and the second half of 2007. Analysis of the balance sheet during the round 5 reveals the fact that the fixed assets of the company declined by nearly 1.2% in the second half as compared to the first half of the year 2007. However, the fixed financial assets of the company was recorded to be 5000000 during the second half of the year, while it was registered to be 0 during the first half of the year. This is because the investment was 0 during the first half of 2007. Moving further, it can be noticed that the current assets of the company also increased during the second half by nearly 87% owing to increase in cash as well as inventory. Also, the total assets of the firm also increased from 43018145 in the first half to 75805265 in the second half of the year. Analysis of the cash flow operations reflects the fact that the cash flow from operational activities increased from 26151108 to 35233594 during the second half of the year 2007 owing to higher sales revenue. However, there occurred cash outflow from financing activities and the cash outflow also increased from 5099781 to 13500000 in the second half of 2007 as compared to the first half. Also, the cash inflow declined to zero in the second half of the year as compared to the half that registered cash inflow of 2350000. Analysis of the income statement of the corporation reveals the fact that the gross margin of the firm declined from 32474421 during the first half of 2007 to 39102928 during second half of 2007. On the other hand, the cost of sales of the firm also declined. Thus, the total operating income of the firm increased to 28959101 in the second half as compared to the figure of 21591651 recorded during the first half of the year. Thus, it can be hereby said that the operating income of the firm increased by around 34%. Analysis of the balance sheet in the round 6 reveals the fact that fixed assets of the firm increased during the first half of the year 2008 as compared to the second half of the year 2007 from 10867865 to 11085781.However, the financial fixed assets of the firm decreased to 400000 from the level of 500000. The segment for current assets show that the current assets of the firm has also increased to 83295058 during first half of 2008 from 59937400 during second half of 2007. Although the inventory is zero during the first half of the year 2008, the cash available to the business formed the current assets of the firm. However, current assets recorded during second half of the year 2007 comprised of inventory and cash. This shows that the firm was able to clear off the inventory. Analysis of the balance sheet during the round 6 also reflects the fact that the total assets of the firm has also increased from 75805265 recorded during second half 2007 to 134380839 during first half of the year 2008. This is mainly because the increase in both the fixed assets as well as current assets of the firm. However, the group equity has also increased considerably from 75805265 recorded during second half 2007 to 134380839 during first half of the year 2008. In the end, as per the analysis of the financial statements of the company, it can be said that fixed assets of the company increased by nearly 2% whereas financial fixed assets also increased manifold 700% due to huge investment made in 2008 (first half). The current assets of the company also increased by 38.9%. Thus, the total assets of the firm increased by nearly 77%. Analysis of the cash flow statement reveals the fact that the cash flow from operational activities of the firm has increased from 35233594 to 78210137 during the first half of 2008. This is mainly owing to increase in the sales revenue. However, the cash outflow from financing activities mainly due to higher investments. Again, the cash flow from investment activities has also increased in the first half of the year 2008 owing to investment in property. Analysis of the cash flow statement reveals the fact that the cash inflow has increased during the period of 2008 as compared to the year ago period indicating a favourable financial condition for the business concern. The higher positive net change in cash is mainly owing to higher cash inflow from operational activities of the firm during 2008 as compared to the second half of the year 2007. Analysis of the income statement reflects the fact that the gross sales margin of the company has increased during the first half of the year 2008 as compared to the second half of the year 2007. The increase in the gross sales margin is mainly because of overall higher net turnover of the firm. However, analytical evaluation of the income statement also reflects the fact that the total costs of the firm has also increased during 2008 owing to higher cost of sales. Again, analysis of the profit and loss declaration also divulges the fact that the financial results of the corporation has also improved during the period of first half of 2008 as against the period of second half of 2007. Accordingly, the operating earnings of the company before taxes also improved from 41287120 in 2007 (second half) to 58575574 in 2008. Thus, it is evident that the operating income of the company increased 41.8% during 2008. Companys Statement:- the future Particularly, Dunnings Eclectic Paradigm provides a clear background to the entire international environment for production. The employment of this framework, the company decided to initially capitalize upon specifically the ownership benefits or advantages in domestic market, counting on the better know-how regarding the conditions of the local market, regional economies, language, social factors and culture (Collinson et al. 2016). Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that this framework is an academic notion and cannot be used as a tool for strategic planning for commercial businesses (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Thus, it is also important to attain growth in business by means of productive export business. Netherland has the highest country priority as it has the profitability and Denmark has the lowest priority as there is high negative profitability as compared to nations that is Australia as well as United Kingdom. However, export businesses can be carried out for ex pansion of the market base of the firm and for attainment for higher potential for growth. Bibliography Buckley, P.J., 2016. The contribution of internalisation theory to international business: New realities and unanswered questions. Journal of World Business, 51(1), pp.74-82. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Clarke, J.E., Tamaschke, R. and Liesch, P.W., 2013. International experience in international business research: A conceptualization and exploration of key themes. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(3), pp.265-279. Collinson, S., Narula, R. and Rugman, A.M., 2016. International business. Pearson. Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014. Managing networks in international business. Routledge. Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2015. The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Hovhannisyan, N. and Keller, W., 2015. International business travel: an engine of innovation?. Journal of Economic Growth, 20(1), pp.75-104. Hovhannisyan, N. and Keller, W., 2015. International business travel: an engine of innovation?. Journal of Economic Growth, 20(1), pp.75-104. Majaro, S., 2013. International Marketing (RLE International Business): A Strategic Approach to World Markets. Routledge. Neelankavil, J.P., 2015. International business research. Routledge. Penrose, E., 2013. The Large International Firm (RLE International Business). Routledge. Verbeke, A., 2013. International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014. International business. Pearson Education Limited. Zander, I., McDougall-Covin, P. and Rose, E.L., 2015. Born globals and international business: Evolution of a field of research. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), pp.27-35. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-66685813530105858322019-11-29T06:57:00.001-08:002019-11-29T06:57:04.793-08:00Accidentally Fueling a Diesel With GasolineAccidentally Fueling a Diesel With Gasoline To keep people from accidentallyà fueling up a diesel engine with gasoline,à most diesel fuel pumps are distinguished by green markings and green fueling nozzle handles. In addition, the inside of a diesel vehicle fuel door has a ââ¬Å"Diesel Fuel Onlyâ⬠label. But what happens if you inadvertently fill your diesel car or pickup with gasoline? Whether youââ¬â¢re new toà diesel ownership or might have both diesel and gasoline powered vehicles in your own personal fleet, it can be oh-so-easy to accidentally misfuel your diesel tank with gasoline. Filling aà fuel tankà is such an ordinary and mundane task, that just a momentââ¬â¢s inattention (did you really need to read that text message?) can cause you to grab the wrong nozzle and pump away. Bad enough if you realize the mistake right away and can get the car towed to a car dealership or independent repair shop to have the tank drained- a $500-$1,000 expensive nuisance. But what if you donââ¬â¢t even realize the mistake and end up driving away with a tank full of gasoline? Chances are you wonââ¬â¢t get very far, perhaps just a mile or so. Thatââ¬â¢s when the diesel in the fuel line gives way to the fresh batch of gasoline on the way from the tank, and the engine starts to run ââ¬Å"funny.â⬠Of course, it all depends on how much diesel remained in the tank before the gasoline was added, and how new and sophisticated the diesel engine is. How Much Gas Does It Take to Harm a Diesel Engine In a 2007 or newerà ââ¬Å"clean dieselâ⬠engine, any amount of gasoline will probably damage the sensitive emissions control components (DPF,à OxyCat, andà SCR) and system. In older engines with much less sophisticated emissions systems, a lightly diluted (say 90 percent diesel/10 percent gasoline) mix would likely pass through with little or no detriment. It might simply cause reduced engine power, perhaps a bit more noise, and possibly a sharp warning from the emissions sensors that detect something other than pure diesel exhaust. Itââ¬â¢s a high concentration of gasoline that spells real trouble. Whether a modern clean common rail diesel (CRD) or an old indirect injection unit, burning straight gasoline or highly diluted diesel fuel will almost certainly result in catastrophic damage to the mightyà diesel engine. Dos and Donââ¬â¢ts If you are fortunate enough to discover you were pumping gasoline rather than diesel before driving away, here are the dos and donââ¬â¢ts. DO NOTà start the engine, even just to move the car from the pumps.DO NOTà turn the ignition on, even just to unlock the steering wheel. This could activate an electric fuel pump and feed tainted fuel into the engine injectors.à DOà tell the station attendant you cannot move the car and pay for the fuel dispensed.DOà call your roadside service provider and request a tow to either the vehicleââ¬â¢s brand dealership or an independent repair shop.DOà have the fuel tank drained and receive confirmation that the contaminated fuel was limited to the fuel tank. If you donââ¬â¢t notice theà mis-fueling error until the car has been driven, stop as soon as it is safe and call your roadside service provider to request a tow. Unfortunately, the price to repair the damage will be very expensive and this is a situation thatà will notà be covered by your automakerââ¬â¢s warranty. What Gas Does to a Diesel The problem is multifaceted. It is a function of the completely different burn characteristics of the fuels (volatile and explosive gasoline versus high flash point diesel fuel), and the peculiarities of engine design in regards to how fuel is ignited (spark ignitionà versusà compression ignition). Gasoline is formulated to resist auto-ignition in a spark engine (depending on the octane), so this fuel introduced into a diesel engine either wonââ¬â¢t ignite or will more likely ignite at the wrong time causing severeà detonation- literally a shock wave throughout your cylinder. Though diesel engineà reciprocating components- pistons, wrist pins, and connecting rods- are built to withstand enormous explosive force, the shock wave effects of uncontrolled detonation can easily destroy them. If by chance major engine damage is avoided, there are other serious consequences. Diesel fuel itself acts as a lubricantà for the fuel pump and delivery system as well as theà valve train. Running thin, low viscosity gasoline through a diesel fuel system would starve it for lubrication and cause those sensitive components to rub together, eventually destroying them. Additionally, the entire fuel system will have been affected. That means the fuel pump, fuel filter, andà fuel injectors will likely need replacement. In the worst-case scenario, it might be cheaper to just replace the engine and components. Good News for Newer Diesel Vehicles Gasoline vehicle fuel filler openings were made smaller in diameter beginning in the early 1980s. This was in response to the mandatory use of unleaded fuel to protectà catalytic convertersà and the negative effects of lead to human health. Thatââ¬â¢s why the smaller diameter gas filler nozzle fits into the larger filler opening of diesel cars. Then in 2009, BMW launched its cleanà dieselsà in the U.S. with a ââ¬Å"mis-fueling protection device,â⬠essentially a gas cap replacement with a diameter specific to diesel nozzles, as standard equipment. Audi followed in 2011 with a similar device, and beginning with 2013 vehicles, Volkswagen redesigned its fuel fillers to accept only diesel fuel. Today, nearly every diesel vehicle- car or pickup- will only accept diesel fuel. What Diesel Fuel Does to a Gasoline Engine Fortunately, this one is almost impossible (notice we said almost) to ignore, since the larger diesel filler nuzzle wonââ¬â¢t fit in a narrow gasoline filler neck. But if you do manage to get diesel fuel in your gasoline tank, the engine will probably not even start, and if it does, itââ¬â¢ll run terribly and probably smoke like a chimney. Engine damage will most likely be minimal to none, but a thorough and expensive fuel system flush will certainly be in order. This article was edited and updated by Larry E. Hall Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-71420393878195402672019-11-25T13:42:00.001-08:002019-11-25T13:42:04.480-08:00How to Express Exclamations in FrenchHow to Express Exclamations in French Exclamations are words or phrases that express a desire, an order, or a strong emotion. There are various French grammatical structures that can be used as true exclamations. All of them end in an exclamation point, and there is always a space between the last word and the exclamation mark, as there is for several other French punctuation marks. The exclamation mark is a grammatical end mark that occurs often in French, whether the sentence or phrase is a true exclamation or not. It is, thus, in many instances a softer mark than in English. Exclamation points are often added even if speakers are just a little agitated or are raising their voice even slightly; the mark doesnt have to mean that they are truly exclaiming or declaring something.à By the way, Merriam-Webster defines an exclamation as: a sharp or sudden utterancea vehement expression of protest or complaint And Larousse defines the French equivalent verbà sexclamer,à as to cry out; for example, sexclamer sur la beautà © de quelque choseà (to cry out in admiration over the beauty of something).à Here are some French grammatical structures that can be used to express exclamations where urgency or a heightened emotional state is implicit. French Imperative The imperative expresses an order, hope, or wish, as in: Viens avec nous. à Come with us. The imperative can also express urgency or an extreme emotional state, as in: Aidez-moi !à à Help me! Que + Subjunctive Que followed by the subjunctive creates a third person command or wish: Quelle finisse avant midià ! à I hope shes done by noon!Quil me laisse tranquilleà ! à I wish hed just leave me alone! Exclamative Adjective The exclamative adjective quel is used to emphasize nouns, as in: Quelle bonne idà ©eà ! à What a good idea!Quel dà ©sastreà ! à What a disaster!Quelle loyautà © il a montrà ©eà ! à What loyalty he showed! Exclamative Adverbs Exclamative adverbs like que or comme add emphasis to statements, as in: Que cest dà ©licieuxà ! à Its so delicious!Comme il est beauà ! à He is so handsome!Quest-ce quelle est mignonne! à She sure is cute! The Conjunction Mais The conjunction maisà (but) can be used to emphasize a word, phrase, or statement, like this: Tu viens avec nousà ? à Are you coming with us?Mais ouià ! à Why yes!Il veut nous aider. à He wants to help us.Mais bien sà »rà ! à But of course!Mais je te jure que cest vraià ! à But I swear its true! Interjections Just about any French word can be an exclamation if it stands alone as an interjection, such as : Voleurà ! à Thief!Silenceà ! à Quiet! Quoi and comment, whenà used as interjections,à express shock and disbelief, as in: Quoià ! Tu as laissà © tomber cent eurosà ? à What! You dropped a hundred euros?Commentà ! Il a perdu son emploià ? à What! He lost his job? Indirect Exclamations All of the above are called direct exclamationsà because the speaker is exclaiming his or her feelings of shock, disbelief, or amazement. Indirect exclamations, in which the speaker is explaining rather than exclaiming, differ from direct exclamations in three ways: They occur in sub-clauses, do not have an exclamation point, and require the same grammatical changes as indirect speech: Quelle loyautà © il a montrà ©eà ! Je sais quelle loyautà © il a montrà ©e.What loyalty he showed! I know what loyalty he showed.Comme cest dà ©licieuxà ! Jai dit comme cà ©tait dà ©licieux.Its delicious! I said it was delicious. In addition, the exclamative adverbs que, ce que, and quest-ce que in direct exclamations always change to comme or combien in indirect exclamations: Quest-ce cest jolià ! Il a dit comme cà ©tait joli.Its so pretty! He said how pretty it was.Que dargent tu as gaspillà ©Ã ! Je sais combien dargent tu as gaspillà ©.Youve wasted so much money! I know how much money youve wasted. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-13466073336036935722019-11-21T21:06:00.001-08:002019-11-21T21:06:03.359-08:00Security Risk Assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsSecurity Risk Assessment - Coursework Example There are a variety of risks that a business organization faces when it comes to the implementation of a secure information technology system. This includes loss of information, an attack by internet or computer viruses and malwares, authorized use of data, etc (Vladimirov, Gavrilenko and Michajlowski, 2010). This paper analyzes the various elements that would make the computer system of a business organization to be vulnerable. It also examines the various measures aimed at protecting the computer system of a business organization. A secure computer system must comprise of three major elements, namely recovery, resilience, and contingency (Calder and Watkins, 2010). Under resilience, the critical functions of a business organization and its supporting infrastructure are engineered and designed in a permanent manner. They are designed in a manner that it is impossible for any disruption to affect the functionality of these systems (Bradley and Carvey, 2006). It makes it likely for an organization to maintain its operations in case of a major threat or attack to its computer systems. For instance, a business organization may develop power back up systems, to protect the loss of data or their computer networks from going off, in circumstances where power fails to occur (Harrington, 2005). Business organizations may use solar gadgets and generators to protect their computer systems, in circumstances whereby power may fail. Recovery involves restoring the important features of a computer system or network that failed to function (Bradley and Carvey, 2006). Computer experts may make arrangements aimed at recovering lost data, and making replacements on areas that is needed. This is to ensure that the activities of the business organization are not interrupted in any negative manner (Oppliger, 2000). Contingency involves Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-76969040505807232732019-11-20T17:21:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:21:07.182-08:00Employee Training and Development at Abbott Case StudyEmployee Training and Development at Abbott - Case Study Example Abbott has received numerous local, national and international distinctions for its commitment to workplace excellence. Abbott has been named one of the best places to work in the world. It has received many awards for its unique performance and its concern and care for its workforce safety, growth and development and success and excellence. The present study covers some of the important areas in employee training and development that have made it a distinct company. Strategic training is directly linked with the business strategy of a company. It begins with identifying the business strategy. Then strategic training and development initiatives that support the strategy are selected and these are translated into concrete training and development activities. The final step involves identifying measures or metrics. These metrics are used to determine if training helped contribute to goals related to business strategy. (Noe. 2008) As Raymond Noe rightly points out, the company's mission, vision, values and goals help to determine the strategy. The mission is the company's reason for existing. The vision is the picture of what company does in the future and what it wants to achieve. Values are what the company stands for. SWOT analysis really helps a company to identify its strengths and weakness and an analysis of its operating environment to identify opportunities and threats. It studies closely the internal and external factors that affect its performance. This analysis goes a long way in formulating the business strategy. The company has to consider its competition. It will decide how the company will compete with others in the market. There are three main points to consider when planning the strategy for competing. They are: 1) where to compete 2) How to compete 3) With what will it compete Abbott has a clear business strategy with its clear mission and vision statements and thorough SWOT analysis.- Once the business strategy is clear then strategic training and development initiatives that support the Strategy are identified. Strategic training and development initiatives are learning-related actions that a company should take to help it achieve its business strategy. (Noe, 2008) These initiatives are based on the business environment, an understanding of the company's goals and resources and insight regarding potential training and development options. These provide the company a road map to guide specific training and development activities. One of the initiatives in strategic training is to diversifying the learning portfolio by using new technology, facilitating informal learning, and providing more personalized learning opportunities. Expanding who are trained is another major initiative in strategic training. It includes customers, suppliers and employees. It also aims at providing training for non-managerial employees. Accelerating the Pace of Employee learning is another major strategic training initiative. It helps in quickly identifying needs and providing a high-quality learning solution, reducing the time to develop training programs and Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-161601790930435022019-11-18T17:04:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:04:03.844-08:00The Life of Osama Bin Laden and a Wealthy Arabian Family EssayThe Life of Osama Bin Laden and a Wealthy Arabian Family - Essay Example The group has various terrorist gangs around the globe who pledge allegiance to them. The group has carried out many of attacks targeting Western governments and also western owned buildings. They carry the attacks as they are what they call infiltration of the Islamic religion (Hoffman, 2008). His well to do upbringing saw him attend prestigious schools in Saudi Arabia. He schooled in the Saudi port city in an elite school called Al Thagher Model School between 1968 and 1976 (Neumann, 2014). At the institution, he studied British style education alongside daily Islamic worship. According to Steve Coll, a writer for the New Yorker, Osama was introduced to Islamic teachings. This formed the foundation for his political and violent activism in favor of Islamic religion. At the age of 17, Osama was married to his first cousin. At this time, it was a normal convention among traditional Muslims to practice this. His wife was a Syrian woman from his motherââ¬â¢s side. He later on married three other women in line with the Islamic law. He bore between 20 and 30 children (Chossudovsky, 2001). He married at an early age to protect him from corruption. He attended his secondary and university education in Jeddah. He attended King Abdi Al-Aziz University where he studied public administration, economics, business administration as well as civil engineering. While at the university, he was very enthusiastic about religious debates, particularly Islam religion. Mohammed Laden first came to Saudi Arabia from South Yemen where he had spent most of his early years. He started as a very poor laborer, working as a porter in Jeddah port. He later got into the construction building from where he builds much wealth. While working in the constructions business, he developed very close ties with members of the ruling family at the time of King Saud (McAuley, 2005). The close ties with the first family saw his take the risk of building King Saudââ¬â¢sà palaces at very cheap prices, cheaper than the lowest bids.à Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-34585926157924014362019-11-16T05:37:00.001-08:002019-11-16T05:37:10.869-08:00Recruitment Selection Process MethodsRecruitment Selection Process Methods In this report the topic that will be discussed is the Recruitment Selection process and some of the more innovative approaches being taken by companies in 2013 towards filling vacancies. Recruitment can be defined as the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply for employment to an organisation and selection the process by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants a person or persons more likely to succeed in the job(s), given management goals and legal requirements. (Bratton Gold, 2007) In simper terms recruitment deals with attracting a group of potential candidates to apply for a vacancy; Selection is a process of choosing the most suitable candidate from the pool identified through recruitment. People are a companys most important asset. Your employees are the face of your business and in todays competitive environment making the right recruitment and selection choices is crucial to the success of your business. Choosing the best most suitable applicant to join the organisation is a key stage in developing an effective workforce. Recruitment and selection helps ensure that your company is a strong and successful one, by attracting, screening, and securing the best candidates for the position. Recruitment has many important functions some of these include attracting a pool of suitable applicants for the vacancy, to deter unsuitable candidates from applying and to create a positive image of the company by choosing a suitable applicant, one that will represent the company appropriately. The methods of recruitment open to a business are often categorised into internal and external recruitment. Internal recruitment is when the business tries to fill the positionfrom within its existing workforce. External recruitment is when the business looks to fill the position from a suitable applicant external to the business. Both internal and external recruitment methods possess advantages and disadvantage to the company. Internal recruitment is cheaper and quicker to recruit also the people applying are already familiar with the business and how it operates. It can also be seen to be motivating for the current staff if they are competing with each other for a new and often superior position. A negative reaction is also found from internal recruitment as it can sometimes cause resentment amongst candidates not appointed to the new position. Also no new ideas are introduced from outside which can have a damaging effect on the business. If the company carries out external recruitment procedures, it is opening the business to new ideas and people who have a wider range of experience, skills and ideas. Even though the process may be longer and more expensive there is a larger pool of workers from which to find the best candidate. (Riley, 2012) Some Internal recruitment methods include promoting existing employees to a higher role, a supervisor or manager may make a recommendation of an employee they see suitable for the role. Other methods include succession planning which is a process for identifying and developing internal people with the potential to fill a new role. Transfers have become increasingly popular in recent years, especially in the hotel industry, transferring department heads from different locations and departments help save the business both time and money also. Previous applicants or previous employees may also be eligible for the role needing to be filled. Using existing employee contacts can be seen to work also but sometimes a bias opinion may render the recommendation. Some of the most popular and classic methods of recruitment include Job advertisements which are the most common form of external recruitment. They can be found in many different places and use many different mediums. Some examples include local and national newspapers, notice boards, and recruitment fairs. Advertisement should include some important information relating to the job, job title like pay package, location, job description, how to apply-either by CV or application form. Companies sometimes use employment and recruitment agencies if they have limited resources themselves. These companies can save a business a huge amount of time and money and general hassle involved with the recruitment and selection of a candidate. These companies normal charge a fee and can be expensive. They also sometimes specialise in a certain areas or industries e.g. www.Hoteljobs.ie have a bank of positions and cvs available in the hospitality industry. Career fairs can also be a useful tool of recruitment. A career fair can be held independently or sometime sponsored by a college. This can be a great way of recruiting well educated and new graduate to a company. Once a pool of applicants is created the Selection methods or screening devices which include application blanks, employment interviews, aptitude tests, and personality test are used to narrow down the applicants to find a suitable candidate. The interview is the most commonly used method of the selection. This method is the exchange of information between an applicant and an interviewer regarding their suitability and interest in a job the employer seeks to fill. the interview give the employer an opportunity to probed more deeply into any information the applicant has already give through the means of a cv or application form. Since interviews can be rather flexible, any missing pieces of information about an applicant can be collected at this time. Even though interview have shown to be a useful tool of selection in the past this method has posed some problems such as pre-existing criteria of what the ideal candidate should be and the comparison of an applicant to this. Also some interviewer may hold a bias opinion on what they are looking for and what they are not. Theyre are many different forms an interview can take these include Selection interview this procedure is designed to predict future job performance on the basis of applicants oral responses to oral inquiries, a Non-structured interviewer asks questions as they come to mind and there is no set format to follow, a Structured questions interview id when there are specific question drawn up in advance and the responses may be rated. Another method of selection which proves quite successful is the Psychometric tests. These tests include the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes,à personalityà traits, andà educational measurement. These test use measurement instruments such asà questionnaires,à tests, and personality assessments to determine the above attributes. An assessment centre is an important tool in the method of selection. It is normally used to see how a candidate will act in a typical situation they will face in their new position. Different test and simulations are carries out in assessment centres; the candidates are observed and evaluated by psychologists and experienced managers. The candidates are also interviewed during the tests. Then an evaluation report is prepared for each candidate. This evaluation report is given to the Selection Committee. The Selection Committee uses this report to select a right person for right post. This method can last from 1-5 days. It is usually in the final stage of assessment. This is a good form of selection because it gives employers the opportunity to observe candidates over a longer period of time in formal and informal situations, (Gunnigle, Heraty, Morley, 2006) Despite the rapid pace of change in HR methods, many of the classic recruiting methods still have roles to play in todays world. Recruitment strategies vary. In the past, a company with job openings placed a classified help wanted ad in the newspaper or stuck a help wanted sign on the door. The world is growing and changing, and so is the world of recruiting. New technologies like the internet and smart phones have made information available to job seekers and employers any time and anywhere. With the increase in technology, it has become easier to approach candidates all over the world. One of the biggest movements in the recruitment and selection process is the introduction of social networking. Companies are now using social networking sites such as LinkedIn and Facebook to both recruit new applicant and in the selection of a new employer. Employers and third-party recruiters can now search these social networking platforms using specific key words to find groups of individuals who meet their pre-defined job criteria, regardless of whether they are currently on the job market. They can also use these sites to advertise any job opportunities they may have available in their businesses. This gives companies a much larger pool of candidates to choose from but also lets them choose the candidate they see as suitable. Social networking sites can also prove quite useful in the screening of new candidates. à Doing a basic search of theirà publicà activity in cyberspace can be conducted to reveal any potential risks they may create for the employer. There are many other social networking trends which are set to make huge influences on the future of the recruitment and selection process these include Klout. Klout is the biggest player in the growing world of digital influence at present. Klout measures your influence and ability to drive action on social networks. This site gives an insight into how influential someone is and what they are influential about. It is said that this rating scheme will find a prominent place on your resume. (Meister, 2013) Although the use of social networks prove an advantage to many companies a recent study in which HR professionals from 20 science companies across the country were interviewed showed, while 70% said that social media is very important for the future of recruitment, only 25% are actively using social media to promote jobs. The reasons for the low use are: Most are not using social media because they find it hard to measure the return on investment for the amount of time they spend on it and havent so far been able to justify the time investment. Also from the companies that tried using social media the result was a bigger response from hopeful job candidates but of much lower overall quality. (Gormely, 2013) Dr. John J. Sullivan, a management professor at San Francisco State University and critic of traditional hiring practices states that The first rule of recruiting is that the best people already have jobs they like, So you have to find them; theyre not going to find you. Its amazing that so many companies still use job fairs to recruit talent. Who goes to job fairs? People without jobs!à . A successful recruitment strategy which has been seen to be doing quite well in the US is road rally in which teams of recruiters travelled around different companies and shops looking for suitable candidates. The recruiters spent hours inside stores likeà Best Buyà and Circuit City and restaurants like T.G.I. Fridays. They walked the aisles, bought merchandise, ordered meals and hunted for employees and managers who stood out by virtue of their energy, enthusiasm and rapport with customers. Too many companies focus on industry experience when they recruit, Dr. John J. Sullivan said. Were after certain kinds of people, not people from a certain business. Weve turned waiters and waitresses into great mortgage bankers. Weve hired soap-opera actors and electricians. We can teach people about finance. We cant teach passion, urgency and a willingness to go the extra mile. (Sullivan, 2013) Company websites have grown and developed hugely in recent years. Many business are only contactable and only also recruitment through their website. These businesses recruit simply by posting jobs on their website and waiting for applicants to find the job posting and apply. They find dont need to do anything else as there is such a large volume of people searching for employment. à For example, Southwest Airlines had a 4349 job opening in 2011, the company received a staggering 193,636 resumes. Southwest Airlines has aà Careers sectionà on the companys website where it has information on jobs, benefits, the company culture, internships. Applicants can apply here by uploading, copying and pasting, or using the resume wizard to get their resume into Southwests applicant systems. An new style of recruitment which is seeing to become more popular with the recruitment and selection. Rather than a formal interview, candidates will be asked to apply for the jobs with a personal sales pitch, in the style of the Apprentice TV show. This style is in play in A newly formed software company in Belfast. They are using the unusual job application process in a bid to recruit a 20-strong sales team. Mr McCaul a spokesperson for the company said: This is a unique way of hiring staff but this is a chance for those people who may have a lack of experience in their CV, struggled in interviews, or for one reason or another, find themselves unemployed at the minute. Applicants were asked to submit their CV to Dealtronic and a selection of successful candidates that they feel suitable for the position will be invited to pitch their own credentials as a potential sales representative in front of a panel of three judges that will include Mr McCaul. PricewaterhouseCoopers which a firm in Ireland that provides integrated Audit, Tax and Advisory services across all industries in Ireland has taken a lead from Google in unconvential and innovative ways in which they recruit and select their employees. PwC has been known to use Lego when recruiting at British universities. The company asks it potential recruits build a tower using the smallest number of bricks.à In South Korea a company has been noted that it gets recruits to climb a hill, in order to identify potential leaders and see howà people will react in given situations. The British hardware company BQ was criticised in early 2007 when potential recruits were asked to dance to a Jacksonà Five song.à While the union said the practice was demeaning and irrelevant, the company said it was to make sure candidates were relaxed before the interview process. Nicola Monson, of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), in London, supportedà the company on this occasion, saying, Companies are beginning to look further than just the skills and competencies to do the job. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3340926021885726222.post-41095090559035119702019-11-13T18:08:00.001-08:002019-11-13T18:08:05.143-08:00Micro Expressions: Detecting Lies in the Face and Eyes Essay -- Facia Lying has been a problem since societies were first formed. Some people are great liars, others are not. But, whether someone is a good liar or not, one-tenth of a second is all it takes for subtle changes known as micro expressions to appear and disappear from a personââ¬â¢s face. These micro expressions are a sign of emotion. The people who read these micro expressions are human lie detectors. Although. police have machines such as the polygraph test, which measures body temperature and voice tone to help them detect when people are lying, micro expressions are far more reliable. Micro expressions are more useful to police than polygraph tests because, polygraph tests only detect spikes in emotion, there is little scientific evidence about accuracy, and micro expressions are proven to help people further scientific research. In the first place, the polygraph test can only detect spikes in emotion unlike micro expressions. Micro expressions are more useful to police because polygraph tests are unreliable; polygraph tests cannot tell which emotion is being felt by the person, they cannot tell why an emotion is being felt, and micro expressions cannot be controlled by people like polygraph tests can. To begin, polygraph tests cannot tell which emotion a person is feeling. Paul Ekman is one of the few scientists who researches micro expressions. He wrote a book called The Polygraph as a Lie Catcher, in this book he addresses the worldwide debate of whether the polygraph is an accurate lie detector. Ekman says, ââ¬Å"Remember that the polygraph test is not a lie detector. It only detects emotional arousalâ⬠(251). The polygraph test cannot accurately detect the specific emotion a person is feeling; someone may be feeling nervous and the po... ...ons. Guliford, 2010. 211. books.google.com. Web. 30 jan. 2014. ââ¬Å"Microexpressions: More Than Meets the Eye.â⬠Talk of the Nation/Science Friday (NRP) (2013): Newspaper source. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. ââ¬Å"Micromovements Hold Hidden Information About Severity of Autism, Researches Report.â⬠newsmedicine.iu.edu. Indiana University, ISUM Newsroom, 2 December 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. ââ¬Å"Polygraph Validity Research.â⬠polygraph.org. American Polygraph Association, 2010. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. Porter, Stephen, and Leanne Ten Brinkle. ââ¬Å"Reading Between the Lies.â⬠People.ok.ubca.ca. N.P. 31 Oct. 2007. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. PDF. Leach, Amy-May, et al. ââ¬Å"The Reliability of Lie Detection Performance.â⬠Law and Human Behavior 33.1 (Feb. 2009): JSTOR. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. Lock, Carrie. ââ¬Å"Deception Detection.â⬠Science News 66.5 (Jul. 31, 2004) : JSTOR. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. Earle Watkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17257504145637335959noreply@blogger.com0